Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2021.0280

Pediatric Minor Traumatic Brain Injury : Growing Skull Fracture, Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage, Concussion  

Choi, Jong-Il (Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital)
Kim, Sang-Dae (Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society / v.65, no.3, 2022 , pp. 348-353 More about this Journal
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health issue that causes significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Pediatric minor TBIs are the most common and are widely underreported because not all patients seek medical attention. The specific management of these patients is distinct from that of adult patients because of the different physiologies in these age groups. This article focuses on minor TBIs, particularly growing skull fractures, traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and concussion.
Keywords
Pediatrics; Traumatic brain injury; Growing skull fracture; Cerebrospinal fluid leak; Concussion;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 de Djientcheu VP, Njamnshi AK, Ongolo-Zogo P, Kobela M, Rilliet B, Essomba A, et al. : Growing skull fractures. Childs Nerv Syst 22 : 721-725, 2006   DOI
2 Eljamel MS, Foy PM : Acute traumatic CSF fistulae: the risk of intracranial infection. Br J Neurosurg 4 : 381-385, 1990   DOI
3 Ellis TS, Vezina LG, Donahue DJ : Acute identification of cranial burst fracture: comparison between CT and MR imaging findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21 : 795-801, 2000
4 Giza CC, Kutcher JS, Ashwal S, Barth J, Getchius TS, Gioia GA, et al. : Summary of evidence-based guideline update: evaluation and management of concussion in sports: report of the guideline development subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 80 : 2250-2257, 2013   DOI
5 Hussain E : Traumatic brain injury in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Ann 47 : e274-e279, 2018   DOI
6 Janak JC, Cooper DB, Bowles AO, Alamgir AH, Cooper SP, Gabriel KP, et al. : Completion of multidisciplinary treatment for persistent postconcussive symptoms is associated with reduced symptom burden. J Head Trauma Rehabil 32 : 1-15, 2017   DOI
7 Kendirli T, Unay B, Tosun F, Hacihamdioglu B, Akin R, Ozkaptan Y, et al. : Recurrent Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis in a child with traumatic anterior cranial base defect. Pediatr Int 48 : 91-93, 2006   DOI
8 Mantur M, Lukaszewicz-Zajac M, Mroczko B, Kulakowska A, Ganslandt O, Kemona H, et al. : Cerebrospinal fluid leakage--reliable diagnostic methods. Clin Chim Acta 412 : 837-840, 2011   DOI
9 Kutlay M, Demircan N, Akin ON, Basekim C : Untreated growing cranial fractures detected in late stage. Neurosurgery 43 : 72-76; discussion 76-77, 1998   DOI
10 Leung GK, Chan KH, Hung KN : Growing skull fracture in an adult nine years after blunt head trauma. J Clin Neurosci 18 : 855-857, 2011   DOI
11 Husson B, Pariente D, Tammam S, Zerah M : The value of MRI in the early diagnosis of growing skull fracture. Pediatr Radiol 26 : 744-747, 1996   DOI
12 Bernard CO, Ponsford JA, McKinlay A, McKenzie D, Krieser D : Predictors of post-concussive symptoms in young children: injury versus non-injury related factors. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 22 : 793-803, 2016   DOI
13 Bell RB, Dierks EJ, Homer L, Potter BE : Management of cerebrospinal fluid leak associated with craniomaxillofacial trauma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62 : 676-684, 2004   DOI
14 Clement MO : Imaging of brain trauma. Radiol Clin North Am 57 : 733-744, 2019   DOI
15 Elbin RJ, Sufrinko A, Schatz P, French J, Henry L, Burkhart S, et al. : Removal from play after concussion and recovery time. Pediatrics 138 : e20160910, 2016   DOI
16 Giza CC, Hovda DA : The new neurometabolic cascade of concussion. Neurosurgery 75 Suppl 4 : S24-S33, 2014   DOI
17 Naim-Ur-Rahman, Jamjoom Z, Jamjoom A, Murshid WR : Growing skull fractures: classification and management. Br J Neurosurg 8 : 667-679, 1994   DOI
18 Yoshioka H, Sakoda K, Kohno H, Hada H, Kurisu K : Usefulness of color Doppler sonography in a growing skull fracture: case report. J Trauma 42 : 144-146, 1997   DOI
19 Kimbler DE, Murphy M, Dhandapani KM : Concussion and the adolescent athlete. J Neurosci Nurs 43 : 286-290, 2011   DOI
20 Matschke J, Tsokos M : Post-traumatic meningitis: histomorphological findings, postmortem microbiology and forensic implications. Forensic Sci Int 115 : 199-205, 2001   DOI
21 Nalls G, Lightfoot J, Lee A, Blackwell L : Leptomeningeal cyst: nonenhanced and enhanced computed tomography findings. Am J Emerg Med 8 : 34-35, 1990   DOI
22 Pfaller AY, Nelson LD, Apps JN, Walter KD, McCrea MA : Frequency and outcomes of a symptom-free waiting period after sport-related concussion. Am J Sports Med 44 : 2941-2946, 2016   DOI
23 Rocchi G, Caroli E, Belli E, Salvati M, Cimatti M, Delfini R : Severe craniofacial fractures with frontobasal involvement and cerebrospinal fluid fistula: indications for surgical repair. Surg Neurol 63 : 559-563; discussion 563-564, 2005   DOI
24 Yilmazlar S, Arslan E, Kocaeli H, Dogan S, Aksoy K, Korfali E, et al. : Cerebrospinal fluid leakage complicating skull base fractures: analysis of 81 cases. Neurosurg Rev 29 : 64-71, 2006   DOI
25 Upchurch C, Morgan CD, Umfress A, Yang G, Riederer MF : Discharge instructions for youth sports-related concussions in the emergency department, 2004 to 2012. Clin J Sport Med 25 : 297-299, 2015   DOI
26 McCarthy MT, Kosofsky BE : Clinical features and biomarkers of concussion and mild traumatic brain injury in pediatric patients. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1345 : 89-98, 2015   DOI
27 Pickering A, Harnan S, Fitzgerald P, Pandor A, Goodacre S : Clinical decision rules for children with minor head injury: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child 96 : 414-421, 2011   DOI
28 Pinto PS, Poretti A, Meoded A, Tekes A, Huisman TA : The unique features of traumatic brain injury in children. Review of the characteristics of the pediatric skull and brain, mechanisms of trauma, patterns of injury, complications and their imaging findings--part 1. J Neuroimaging 22 : e1-e17, 2012
29 Singh I, Rohilla S, Siddiqui SA, Kumar P : Growing skull fractures: guidelines for early diagnosis and surgical management. Childs Nerv Syst 32 : 1117-1122, 2016   DOI
30 Vezina N, Al-Halabi B, Shash H, Dudley RR, Gilardino MS : A review of techniques used in the management of growing skull fractures. J Craniofac Surg 28 : 604-609, 2017   DOI
31 Coulter IC, Forsyth RJ : Paediatric traumatic brain injury. Curr Opin Pediatr 31 : 769-774, 2019   DOI
32 Abuzayed B, Tuzgen S, Canbaz B, Yuksel O, Tutunculer B, Sanus GZ : Reconstruction of growing skull fracture with in situ galeal graft duraplasty and porous polyethylene sheet. J Craniofac Surg 20 : 1245-1249, 2009   DOI
33 Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Bleda-Vazquez C, Carrau RL : Ascending meningitis secondary to traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Am J Rhinol 14 : 257-259, 2000   DOI