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http://dx.doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2021.0015

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma : A Tumor at the Center of Embryogenesis  

Phi, Ji Hoon (Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society / v.64, no.3, 2021 , pp. 406-413 More about this Journal
Abstract
Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is an extragonadal germ cell tumor (GCT) that develops in the fetal and neonatal periods. SCT is a type I GCT in which only teratoma and yolk sac tumors arise from extragonadal sites. SCT is the most common type I GCT and is believed to originate through epigenetic reprogramming of early primordial germ cells migrating from the yolk sac to the gonadal ridges. Fetal SCT diagnosed in utero presents many obstetrical problems. For high-risk fetuses, fetal interventions (devascularization and debulking) are under development. Most patients with SCT are operated on after birth. Complete surgical resection is the key for tumor control, and the anatomical location of the tumor determines the surgical approaches. Incomplete resection and malignant histology are risk factors for recurrence. Approximately 10-15% of patients have a tumor recurrence, which is frequently of malignant histology. Long-term surveillance with monitoring of serum alpha fetoprotein and magnetic resonance imaging is required. Survivors of SCT may suffer anorectal, urological, and sexual sequelae later in their life, and comprehensive evaluation and care are required.
Keywords
Teratoma, Sacrococcygeal; Germ cell tumor; Fetus; Surgery;
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