The Neuroprotective Effect of Treatment of Valproic Acid in Acute Spinal Cord Injury
![]() |
Yu, Song-Hee
(Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
Cho, Dae-Chul (Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) Kim, Kyoung-Tae (Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) Nam, Kyung-Hun (Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) Cho, Hee-Jung (Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) Sung, Joo-Kyung (Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) |
1 | Phiel CJ, Zhang F, Huang EY, Guenther MG, Lazar MA, Klein PS : Histone deacetylase is a direct target of valproic acid, a potent anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer, and teratogen. J Biol Chem 276 : 36734-36741, 2001 DOI ScienceOn |
2 | Reckling JC : Neuroprotective effects of anticonvulsants in rat hippocampal slice cultures exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation. Neurosci Lett 335 : 167-170, 2003 DOI ScienceOn |
3 | Ren M, Leng Y, Jeong M, Leeds PR, Chuang DM : Valproic acid reduces brain damage induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats : potential roles of histone deacetylase inhibition and heat shock protein induction. J Neurochem 89 : 1358-1367, 2004 DOI ScienceOn |
4 | Rogawski MA, Loscher W : The neurobiology of antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of nonepileptic conditions. Nat Med 10 : 685-692, 2004 DOI ScienceOn |
5 | Rowland JW, Hawryluk GW, Kwon B, Fehlings MG : Current status of acute spinal cord injury pathophysiology and emerging therapies : promise on the horizon. Neurosurg Focus 25 : E2, 2008 |
6 | Shin YC, Choi KY, Kim WG : Cyclosporin A has a protective effect with induced upregulation of Hsp70 and nNOS on severe spinal cord ischemic injury in rabbits. J Invest Surg 20 : 113-120, 2007 DOI ScienceOn |
7 | Sinn DI, Kim SJ, Chu K, Jung KH, Lee ST, Song EC, et al. : Valproic acid-mediated neuroprotection in intracerebral hemorrhage via histone deacetylase inhibition and transcriptional activation. Neurobiol Dis 26 : 464-472, 2007 DOI ScienceOn |
8 | Stepien K, Tomaszewski M, Czuczwar SJ : Neuroprotective properties of statins. Pharmacol Rep 57 : 561-569, 2005 |
9 | von Euler M, Seiger A, Sundstrom E : Clip compression injury in the spinal cord : a correlative study of neurological and morphological alterations. Exp Neurol 145 : 502-510, 1997 DOI ScienceOn |
10 | Wang Z, Leng Y, Tsai LK, Leeds P, Chuang DM : Valproic acid attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia : the roles of HDAC and MMP-9 inhibition. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 31 : 52-57, 2011 DOI ScienceOn |
11 | Wells JE, Hurlbert RJ, Fehlings MG, Yong VW : Neuroprotection by minocycline facilitates significant recovery from spinal cord injury in mice. Brain 126 : 1628-1637, 2003 DOI ScienceOn |
12 | Yildirim F, Gertz K, Kronenberg G, Harms C, Fink KB, Meisel A, et al. : Inhibition of histone deacetylation protects wildtype but not gelsolin-deficient mice from ischemic brain injury. Exp Neurol 210 : 531-542, 2008 DOI ScienceOn |
13 | Young W : Secondary injury mechanisms in acute spinal cord injury. J Emerg Med 11 Suppl 1 : 13-22, 1993 |
14 | Yune TY, Kim SJ, Lee SM, Lee YK, Oh YJ, Kim YC, et al. : Systemic administration of 17beta-estradiol reduces apoptotic cell death and improves functional recovery following traumatic spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurotrauma 21 : 293-306, 2004 DOI ScienceOn |
15 | Yune TY, Park HG, Lee JY, Oh TH : Estrogen-induced Bcl-2 expression after spinal cord injury is mediated through phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt-dependent CREB activation. J Neurotrauma 25 : 1121-1131, 2008 DOI ScienceOn |
16 | Langley B, Gensert JM, Beal MF, Ratan RR : Remodeling chromatin and stress resistance in the central nervous system : histone deacetylase inhibitors as novel and broadly effective neuroprotective agents. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 4 : 41-50, 2005 DOI ScienceOn |
17 | Kanai H, Sawa A, Chen RW, Leeds P, Chuang DM : Valproic acid inhibits histone deacetylase activity and suppresses excitotoxicity-induced GAPDH nuclear accumulation and apoptotic death in neurons. Pharmacogenomics J 4 : 336-344, 2004 DOI ScienceOn |
18 | Kazantsev AG, Thompson LM : Therapeutic application of histone deacetylase inhibitors for central nervous system disorders. Nat Rev Drug Discov 7 : 854-868, 2008 DOI ScienceOn |
19 | Khalatbary AR, Tiraihi T, Boroujeni MB, Ahmadvand H, Tavafi M, Tamjidipoor A : Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on tissue protection and functional recovery after contusive spinal cord injury in rats. Brain Res 1306 : 168-175, 2010 DOI |
20 | Lee SM, Yune TY, Kim SJ, Park DW, Lee YK, Kim YC, et al. : Minocycline reduces cell death and improves functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury in the rat. J Neurotrauma 20 : 1017-1027, 2003 DOI ScienceOn |
21 | Li S, Strittmatter SM : Delayed systemic Nogo-66 receptor antagonist promotes recovery from spinal cord injury. J Neurosci 23 : 4219-4227, 2003 |
22 | Li WW, Setzu A, Zhao C, Franklin RJ : Minocycline-mediated inhibition of microglia activation impairs oligodendrocyte progenitor cell responses and remyelination in a non-immune model of demyelination. J Neuroimmunol 158 : 58-66, 2005 DOI ScienceOn |
23 | Lin MS, Lee YH, Chiu WT, Hung KS : Curcumin provides neuroprotection after spinal cord injury. J Surg Res 166 : 280-289, 2011 DOI ScienceOn |
24 | Pannu R, Barbosa E, Singh AK, Singh I : Attenuation of acute inflammatory response by atorvastatin after spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurosci Res 79 : 340-350, 2005 DOI ScienceOn |
25 | Nalivaeva NN, Belyaev ND, Turner AJ : Sodium valproate : an old drug with new roles. Trends Pharmacol Sci 30 : 509-514, 2009 DOI ScienceOn |
26 | Ouyang YB, Giffard RG : Cellular neuroprotective mechanisms in cerebral ischemia : Bcl-2 family proteins and protection of mitochondrial function. Cell Calcium 36 : 303-311, 2004 DOI ScienceOn |
27 | Pandey P, Saleh A, Nakazawa A, Kumar S, Srinivasula SM, Kumar V, et al. : Negative regulation of cytochrome c-mediated oligomerization of Apaf-1 and activation of procaspase-9 by heat shock protein 90. EMBO J 19 : 4310-4322, 2000 DOI |
28 | Penas C, Verdu E, Asensio-Pinilla E, Guzman-Lenis MS, Herrando-Grabulosa M, Navarro X, et al. : Valproate reduces CHOP levels and preserves oligodendrocytes and axons after spinal cord injury. Neuroscience 178 : 33-44, 2011 DOI |
29 | Peng W, Cotrina ML, Han X, Yu H, Bekar L, Blum L, et al. : Systemic administration of an antagonist of the ATP-sensitive receptor P2X7 improves recovery after spinal cord injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106 : 12489-12493, 2009 DOI ScienceOn |
30 | Perez M, Rojo AI, Wandosell F, Diaz-Nido J, Avila J : Prion peptide induces neuronal cell death through a pathway involving glycogen synthase kinase 3. Biochem J 372 : 129-136, 2003 DOI ScienceOn |
31 | Cui SS, Yang CP, Bowen RC, Bai O, Li XM, Jiang W, Zhang X : Valproic acid enhances axonal regeneration and recovery of motor function after sciatic nerve axotomy in adult rats. Brain Res 975 : 229-236, 2003 DOI |
32 | Fournier AE, Strittmatter SM : Repulsive factors and axon regeneration in the CNS. Curr Opin Neurobiol 11 : 89-94, 2001 DOI ScienceOn |
33 | Dash PK, Orsi SA, Zhang M, Grill RJ, Pati S, Zhao J, et al. : Valproate administered after traumatic brain injury provides neuroprotection and improves cognitive function in rats. PLoS ONE 5 : e11383, 2010 DOI ScienceOn |
34 | Faraco G, Pancani T, Formentini L, Mascagni P, Fossati G, Leoni F, et al. : Pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylases by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid specifically alters gene expression and reduces ischemic injury in the mouse brain. Mol Pharmacol 70 : 1876-1884, 2006 DOI ScienceOn |
35 | Feng HL, Leng Y, Ma CH, Zhang J, Ren M, Chuang DM : Combined lithium and valproate treatment delays disease onset, reduces neurological deficits and prolongs survival in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model. Neuroscience 155 : 567-572, 2008 DOI ScienceOn |
36 | Fukuchi M, Nii T, Ishimaru N, Minamino A, Hara D, Takasaki I, et al. : Valproic acid induces up- or down-regulation of gene expression responsible for the neuronal excitation and inhibition in rat cortical neurons through its epigenetic actions. Neurosci Res 65 : 35-43, 2009 DOI ScienceOn |
37 | Giffard RG, Yenari MA : Many mechanisms for hsp70 protection from cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 16 : 53-61, 2004 DOI ScienceOn |
38 | Gorio A, Gokmen N, Erbayraktar S, Yilmaz O, Madaschi L, Cichetti C, et al. : Recombinant human erythropoietin counteracts secondary injury and markedly enhances neurological recovery from experimental spinal cord trauma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99 : 9450-9455, 2002 DOI ScienceOn |
39 | Gottlicher M, Minucci S, Zhu P, Kramer OH, Schimpf A, Giavara S, et al. : Valproic acid defines a novel class of HDAC inhibitors inducing differentiation of transformed cells. EMBO J 20 : 6969-6978, 2001 DOI ScienceOn |
40 | Hall ED, Springer JE : Neuroprotection and acute spinal cord injury : a reappraisal. NeuroRx 1 : 80-100, 2004 DOI ScienceOn |
41 | Hashimoto R, Hough C, Nakazawa T, Yamamoto T, Chuang DM : Lithium protection against glutamate excitotoxicity in rat cerebral cortical neurons : involvement of NMDA receptor inhibition possibly by decreasing NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation. J Neurochem 80 : 589-597, 2002 DOI ScienceOn |
42 | Heneka MT, Gavrilyuk V, Landreth GE, O'Banion MK, Weinberg G, Feinstein DL : Noradrenergic depletion increases inflammatory responses in brain : effects on IkappaB and HSP70 expression. J Neurochem 85 : 387-398, 2003 DOI ScienceOn |
43 | Hsieh J, Gage FH : Chromatin remodeling in neural development and plasticity. Curr Opin Cell Biol 17 : 664-671, 2005 DOI ScienceOn |
44 | Jeong MR, Hashimoto R, Senatorov VV, Fujimaki K, Ren M, Lee MS, et al. : Valproic acid, a mood stabilizer and anticonvulsant, protects rat cerebral cortical neurons from spontaneous cell death : a role of histone deacetylase inhibition. FEBS Lett 542 : 74-78, 2003 DOI |
45 | Balentine JD : Pathology of experimental spinal cord trauma. I. The necrotic lesion as a function of vascular injury. Lab Invest 39 : 236-253, 1978 |
46 | Balentine JD : Pathology of experimental spinal cord trauma. II. Ultrastructure of axons and myelin. Lab Invest 39 : 254-266, 1978 |
47 | Basso DM, Beattie MS, Bresnahan JC : Graded histological and locomotor outcomes after spinal cord contusion using the NYU weight-drop device versus transection. Exp Neurol 139 : 244-256, 1996 DOI ScienceOn |
48 | Beattie MS : Inflammation and apoptosis : linked therapeutic targets in spinal cord injury. Trends Mol Med 10 : 580-583, 2004 DOI ScienceOn |
49 | Blight AR, Young W : Central axons in injured cat spinal cord recover electrophysiological function following remyelination by Schwann cells. J Neurol Sci 91 : 15-34, 1989 DOI |
50 | Blaheta RA, Nau H, Michaelis M, Cinatl J Jr : Valproate and valproate-analogues : potent tools to fight against cancer. Curr Med Chem 9 : 1417-1433, 2002 DOI ScienceOn |
51 | Bolden JE, Peart MJ, Johnstone RW : Anticancer activities of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 5 : 769-784, 2006 DOI ScienceOn |
52 | Bracken MB, Collins WF, Freeman DF, Shepard MJ, Wagner FW, Silten RM, et al. : Efficacy of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury. JAMA 251 : 45-52, 1984 DOI ScienceOn |
53 | Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR, Leo-Summers L, Aldrich EF, Fazl M, et al. : Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. JAMA 277 : 1597-1604, 1997 DOI ScienceOn |
54 | Brichta L, Holker I, Haug K, Klockgether T, Wirth B : In vivo activation of SMN in spinal muscular atrophy carriers and patients treated with valproate. Ann Neurol 59 : 970-975, 2006 DOI ScienceOn |
55 | Celik M, Gokmen N, Erbayraktar S, Akhisaroglu M, Konakc S, Ulukus C, et al. : Erythropoietin prevents motor neuron apoptosis and neurologic disability in experimental spinal cord ischemic injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 : 2258-2263, 2002 DOI ScienceOn |
56 | Chen PS, Wang CC, Bortner CD, Peng GS, Wu X, Pang H, et al. : Valproic acid and other histone deacetylase inhibitors induce microglial apoptosis and attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Neuroscience 149 : 203-212, 2007 DOI ScienceOn |
57 | Cho DC, Cheong JH, Yang MS, Hwang SJ, Kim JM, Kim CH : The effect of minocycline on motor neuron recovery and neuropathic pain in a rat model of spinal cord injury. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 49 : 83-91, 2011 DOI |
![]() |