Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12750/JET.2018.33.3.149

Effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin injection after artificial insemination on pregnancy establishment in dairy cattle  

Lim, Hyun-Joo (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
Lee, Ji Hwan (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
Kim, Hyun Jong (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
Kim, Min Su (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
Kim, Tae Il (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
Park, Soo Bong (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
Publication Information
Journal of Embryo Transfer / v.33, no.3, 2018 , pp. 149-157 More about this Journal
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of treating dairy cattle with exogenous human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), five (5) days post artificial insemination (AI) on serum progesterone (P4) concentration and pregnancy rate. In this experiment, five days after AI, cows were assigned randomly to two groups namely: a) treated group (67) which were administrered with 1500 IU hCG (Chorulon) and b) control group (61), which received no treatment. On day 5, 10, 15 and 20 after the artificial insemination, blood samples from a total of 8 cows (4 from each group) were collected and were analyzed for serum P4 concentration. Cows were detected for estrus according to standing heat by visual observation. Cows that were detected still in estrus after days 18-24 were re-inseminated and recorded as not pregnant (open). Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted by ultrasonographic examination and transrectal palpation of the uterus on approximately 60 days in cows that observed to be not in estrus. The conception rate in hCG treated and control groups were 52.5 and 36.1%, respectively. The results proved that there were no significant differences in conception rate between two groups (p=0.0568). However, pregnancy rates were reduced by hCG treatment. Average serum P4 concentrations did not differ between Hcg-treated and control groups on day 5 (0.377 versus 0.375 ng/ml). On day 20 serum P4 concentrations were greater in the treated group compared with the control group (3.085 versus 2.010 ng/ml). The treatment with hCG seemed to increase P4 level compared with the control. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that 1500 IU of hCG administered on 5 day post AI increased conception rate in dairy cows. This was supported by the results on serum P4 concentration which was greater in hCG treated group.
Keywords
artificial insemination; conception; dairy cattle; human chorionic gonadotropin;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Berman A, Folman Y, Kaim M, Mamen M, Herz Z, Wolfenson D, Arieli A and Graber Y. 1985. Upper critical temperatures and forced ventilation effects for high-yielding dairy cows in a subtropical climate. J. Dairy Sci. 68:1488-1495.   DOI
2 Butler WR, Calaman JJ and Beam SW. 1996. Plasma and milk urea nitrogen in relation to pregnancy rate in lactating dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 74:858-865.   DOI
3 Butler WR. 1998. Influence of protein nutrition on ovarian and uterine physiology in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 81:2533-2539.   DOI
4 Butler WR. 2000. Nutritional interactions with reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 60/61:449-457.   DOI
5 Chebel RC, Santos JEP, Reynolds JP, Cerri RL, Juchem SO and Overton M. 2004. Factors affecting conception rate after insemination and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 84:239-255.   DOI
6 de Vries A and Risco CA. 2005. Trends and seasonality of reproductive performance in Florida and Georgia dairy herds from 1976 to 2002. J. Dairy Sci. 88:3155-3165.   DOI
7 Demetrio DGB, Santos RM, Demetrio CGB and Vasconcelos JLM. 2007. Factors affecting conception rates following artificial insemination or embryo transfer in lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90:5073-5082.   DOI
8 Diaz T, Schmitt EJP, De la Sota RL, Thatcher MJ and Thatcher WW. 1998. Human chorionic gonadotropin-induced alterations in ovarian follicular dynamics during the estrous cycle of heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 76:1929-1939.   DOI
9 Diskin MG and Sreenan JM. 1980. Fertilization and embryonic mortality rates in beef heifers after artificial insemination. J. Reprod. Fertil. 59:463-468.   DOI
10 Dunne LD, Diskin MG and Sreenan JM. 2000. Embryo and fetal loss in beef heifers between day 14 of gestation and full term. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 58:39-44.   DOI
11 Kadzere CT, Murphy MR, Silanikove N and Maltz E. 2002. Heat stress in lactating dairy cows: A review. Livest. Prod. Sci. 77:59-91.   DOI
12 Kerbler TL, Buhr MM, Jordan LT, Leslie KE and Walton JS. 1997. Relationship between maternal plasma progesterone concentration and interferon-Tau synthesis by the conceptus in cattle. Theriogenology 47:703-714.   DOI
13 Lamming GE, Darwash AO and Back HL. 1989. Corpus luteum function in dairy cows and embryo mortality. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl., 37:245-252.
14 Nebel RL and McGilliard ML. 1993. Interactions of high milk yield and reproductive performance in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:3257-3268.   DOI
15 Meyer MD, Hansen PJ, Thatcher WW, Drost M, Badinga L, Roberts RM, Li J, Ott TL and Bazer FW. 1995. Extension of corpus luteum lifespan and reduction of uterine prostaglandin F2 ${\alpha}$ of cows in response to recombinant interferon-${\tau}$. J. Dairy Sci. 78:1921-1931.   DOI
16 Moore DA, Overton MW, Chebel RC, Truscott ML and BonDUrant RH. 2005. Evaluation of factors that affect embryonic loss in dairy cattle. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 226:1112-1118.   DOI
17 Nebel RL and Jobst SM. 1998. Evaluation of systematic breeding programs for lactating dairy cows: a review. J. Dairy Sci. 81:1169-1174.   DOI
18 NRC (National Research Council). 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
19 Willard S, Gandy S, Bowers S, Graves K, Elias A and Whisnant C. 2003. The effects of GnRH administration postinsemination on serum concentrations of progesterone and pregnancy rates in dairy cattle exposed to mild summer heat stress. Theriogenology 59:1799-1810.   DOI
20 Washburn SP, Silvia WJ, Brown CH, McDaniel BT and McAllister AJ. 2002. Trends in reproductive performance in Southeastern Holstein and Jersey DHI herds. J. Dairy Sci. 85:244-251.   DOI
21 Wilson SJ, Marion RS, Spain JN, Spiers DE, Keisler DH and Luccy MC. 1998. Effects of controlled heat stress on ovarian junction of dairy cattle. 1. Lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:2124-2131.   DOI
22 Wiltbank MC, Fricke PM, Sangsritavong S, Sartori R and Ginther OJ. 2000. Mechanisms that prevent and produce double ovulatios in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 83:2998-3007.   DOI
23 Wolfenson D, Sonego H, Bloch A, Shaham-Albalancy A, Kaim M, Folman Y and Meidan R. 2002. Seasonal differences in progesterone production by luteinized bovine thecal and granulosa cells. Domest. Anim. Endorinol. 22:81-90.   DOI
24 Green MP, Hunter MG and Mann GE. 2005. Relationships between maternal hormone secretion and embryo development on day 5 of pregnancy in dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 88:179-189.   DOI
25 Garrett JE, Geisert RD, Zavy MT and Morgan GL. 1988. Evidence for maternal regulation of early conceptus growth and development in beef cattle. J. Reprod. Fertil. 84:437-446.   DOI
26 Gombe S and Hansel W. 1973. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone levels in heifers on restricted energy intakes. J. Anim. Sci. 37:728-733.   DOI
27 Grazzini E, Guillon G, Mouillac B and Zingg HH. 1998. Inhibition of oxytocin receptor function by direct binding of progesterone. Nature 392:509-512.   DOI
28 Henricks DM, Kickey JF and Niswender GD. 1970. Serum luteinizing hormone and plasma progesterone levels during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in cows. Biol. Reprod. 2:346-351.   DOI
29 Hermas SA, Young CW and Rust JW. 1987. Effects of mild inbreeding on productive and reproductive performance of Guernsey cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 70:712-715.   DOI
30 Hoyer PB and Niswender GD. 1985. The regulation of steroidogenesis is different in the two types of ovine luteal cells. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 63:240-248.   DOI
31 Johnson KR, Ross RH and Fourt DL. 1958. Effect of progesterone administration on reproductive efficiency. J. Anim. Sci. 17:386-390.   DOI
32 Macmillan KL, Taufa VK, Day AM and Peterson AJ. 1991. Effect of supplemental progesterone on pregnancy rates in cattle. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 43:304.
33 López-Gatius F, Santolaria P, Yániz JL and Hunter RHF. 2004. Progesterone supplementation during the early fetal period reduces pregnancy loss in high-yielding dairy cattle. Theriogenology 62:1529-1535.   DOI
34 Lopez-Gatius F, Santolaria P, Yaniz JL, Rutllant J and Lopez-Bejar M. 2002. Factors affecting pregnancy loss from gestation day 38 to 90 in lactating dairy cows from a single herd. Theriogenology 57:1251-1261.   DOI
35 Lucy MC. 2001. Reproductive loss in high-producing dairy cattle: Where will it end? J. Dairy Sci. 84:1277-1293.   DOI
36 Mann GE and Lamming GE. 1999. The influence of progesterone during early pregnancy in cattle. Reprod. Domes. Anm. 34:269-274.   DOI
37 Mann GE and Lamming GE. 2001. Relationship between maternal endocrine environment, early embryo development and inhibition of the luteolytic mechanism in cows. Reproduction 121:175-180.   DOI
38 Robinson NA, Leslie KE and Walton JS. 1989. Effect of treatment with progesterone on pregnancy rate and plasma concentrations of progesterone in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 72:202-207.   DOI
39 Peters AR, Drew SB, Mann GE, Lamming GE and Beck NF. 1992. Experimental and practical approaches to the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 43(Suppl.1):143-152.
40 Peters AR, Martinez TA and Cook AJC. 2000. A meta-analysis of studies of the effect of GnRH 11-14 days after insemination of pregnancy rates in cattle. Theriogenology 54:1317-1326.   DOI
41 Sangsritavong S, Combs DK, Sartori R, Armentano LE and Wiltbank MC. 2002. High feed intake increases liver blood flow and metabolism of progesterone and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2831-2842.   DOI
42 Mann GE, Payne JH and Lamming GE. 2001. Hormonal regulation of oxytocin-induced prostaglandin F2 ${\alpha}$ secretion by the bovine and ovine uterus in vivo. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 21:127-141.   DOI
43 Mann GE, Fray MD and Lamming GE. 2006. Effects of time of progesterone supplementation on embryo development and interferon-tau production in the cow. Vet. J. 171:500-503.   DOI
44 Mann GE, Lamming GE and Fray MD. 1995. Plasma estradiol and progesterone during early pregnancy in the cow and the effects of treatment with buserelin. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 37(2):121-131.   DOI
45 Mann GE, Lamming GE, Robinson RS and Wathes DC. 1999. The regulation of interferon-tau production and uterine hormone receptors during early pregnancy. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 54:317-328.
46 Sartori R, Gumen A, Guenther JN, Souza AH, Caraviollo DZ and Wiltbanc MC. 2006. Comparison of artificial insemination versus embryo transfer in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 65:1311-1321.   DOI
47 Santos JE, Juchem SO, Cerri RL, Galvao KN, Chebel RC, Thatcher WW, Dei CS and Bilby CR. 2004. Effect of bST and reproductive management on reproductive and lactational performance of Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy. Sci. 87:868-881.   DOI
48 Santos JE, Thatcher WW, Chebel RC, Cerri RLA and Galvao KN. 2004. The effect of embryonic death rates in cattle on the efficacy of estrus synchronization programs. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 82-83:513-35.   DOI
49 Santos JE, Thatcher WW, Pool L and Overton MW. 2001. Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on luteal function and reproductive performance of high-producing lactating Holstein dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 79:2881-2894.   DOI
50 Sartori R, Rosa GJM and Wiltbank MC. 2002. Ovarian structures and circulating steroids in heifers and lactating cows in summer and lactating and dry cows in winter. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2813-2822.   DOI
51 Stock AE and Fortune JE. 1993. Ovarian follicular dominance in cattle: Relationship between prolonged growth of the ovulatory follicle and endocrine parameters. Endocrinology 132:1108-1114.   DOI
52 Sartori R, Sartor-Bergfelt R, Mertens SA, Guenther JN, Parrish JJ and Wiltbank MC. 2002. Fertilization and early embryonic development in heifers and lactating cows in summer and lactating and dry cows in winter. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2803-2812.   DOI
53 Schmitt EJ, Diaz T, Barros CM, de la Sota RL, Drost M, Fredriksson EW, Staples CR, Thorner R and Thatcher WW. 1996. Differential response of the luteal phase and fertility in cattle following ovulation of the first-wave follicle with human chorionic gonadotropin or an agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. J. Anim. Sci. 74:1074-1083.   DOI
54 Shelton K, Gayerie De Abreu MF, Hunter MG, Parkinson TJ and Lamming GE. 1990. Luteal inadequacy during the early luteal phase of subfertile cows. J. Reprod. Fertil. 90:1-10.   DOI
55 Sianangama PC and Rajamahendran R. 1992. Characteristics of corpus luteum formed from the first wave dominant follicle folloing hCG in cattle. Theriogenology 45:977-990.
56 Sreenan JM, Kiskin MG and Morris DG. 2000. Embryo survival rate in cattle: a major limitation to the achievement of high fertility. Occup. Publ. Br. Soc. Anim. Sci. 26:93-104.
57 Stronge AJH, Sreenan JM, Diskin MG, Mee JF, Kenny DA and Morris DG. 2005. Post-insemination milk progesterone concentration and embryo survival in dairy cows. Theriogenology 64:1212-1224.   DOI
58 Thatcher WW, Guzeloglu A, Mattos R, Binelli M, Hansen TR and Pru JK. 2001. Uterine-conceptus interactions and reproductive failure in cattle. Theriogenology 65:30-44.
59 Thatcher WW, Moreira F, Pancarci SM, Bartolome JA and Santos JEP. 2002. Strategies to optimize reproductive efficiency by regulation of ovarian function. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 23:243-254.   DOI
60 Thatcher WW, Moreira F, Santos JEP, Mattos RC, Lopes FL, Pancarci SM and Risco CA. 2001. Effects of hormonal treatments on reproductive performance and embryo production. Theriogenology 55:75-89.   DOI
61 Bartolome JA, Melendez P, Kelbert D, Swift K, McHale J, Hernandez J, Silvestre F, Risco CA, Arteche ACM, Thatcher WW and Archbald SF. 2005. Strategic use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to increase pregnancy rate and reduce pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows subjected to synchronization of ovulation and timed insemination. Theriogenology 63:1026-1037.   DOI
62 Vasconcelos JL, Silcox RW, Rosa GJ, Pursley JR and Wiltband MC. 1999. Synchronization rate, size of the ovulatory follicle, and pregnancy rate after synchronization of ovulation beginning on different days of the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 52:1067-1078.   DOI
63 Walton JS, Halbert GW, Robinson NA and Leslie KE. 1990. Effects of progesterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin administration five days post-insemination on plasma and milk concentrations of progesterone and pregnancy rates of normal and repeat breeder dairy cows. Can. J. Vet. Sci. 54:305-308.
64 Ahmad N, Townsend EC, Dailey RA and Inskeep EK. 1997. Relationships of hormonal patterns and fertility to occurrence of two or three waves of ovarian follicles, before and after breeding, in beef cows and heifers. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 49:13-28.   DOI
65 Ambrose JD, Drost M, Monson RL, Rutledge JJ, Leibfried-Rutledge ML, Thatcher MJ, Kassa T, Binelli M, Hansen PJ, Chenoweth PJ and Thatcher WW. 1999. Efficacy of timed embryo transfer with fresh andfrozen in vitro produced embryos to increase pregnancy rates in heat-stressed dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 82:2369-2376.   DOI
66 Araujo RR, Ginther OJ, Ferreira JC, Palhao MM, Beg MA and Wiltbank MC. 2009. Role of follicular estradiol-17beta in timing of luteolysis in heifers. Biol. Reprod. 81:426-437.
67 Beltran MP and Vasconcelos JLM. 2008. Conception rate in Holstein cows treated with GnRH or hCG on the fifth day post artificial insemination during summer. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 60:580-586.   DOI
68 Bergfeld EG, Kojima FN, Cupp AS, Wehrman ME, Peters KE, Mariscal V, Sanchez T and Kinder JE. 1996. Changing dose of progesterone results in sudden changes in frequency of luteinizing hormone pulses and secretion of $17{\beta}$-estradiol in bovine females. Biol. Reprod. 54:546-553.   DOI