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[ $Ca^{2+}\;and\;K^+$ ] Concentrations Change during Early Embryonic Development in Mouse  

Kang D.W. (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University)
Hur C.G. (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National Universtiy)
Choi C.R. (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National Universtiy)
Park J.Y. (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University)
Hong S.G. (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University)
Han J.H. (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Embryo Transfer / v.21, no.1, 2006 , pp. 35-43 More about this Journal
Abstract
Ions play important roles in various cellular processes including fertilization and differentiation. However, it is little known whether how ions are regulated during early embryonic development in mammalian animals. In this study, we examined changes in $Ca^{2+}\;and\;K^+$ concentrations in embryos and oviduct during mouse early embryonic development using patch clamp technique and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The intracellular calcium concentration in each stage embryos did not markedly change. At 56h afier hCG injection when 8-cell embryos could be Isolated from oviduct, $K^+$ concentration in oviduct increased by 26% compared with that at 14h after injection of hCG During early embryonic development, membrane potential was depolarized (from -38 mV to -16 mV), and $Ca^{2+}$ currents decreased, indicating that some $K^+$ channel might control membrane potential in oocytes. To record the changes in membrane potential induced by influx of $Ca^{2+}$ in mouse oocytes, we applied 5 mM $Ca^{2+}$ to the bath solution. The membrane potential transiently hyperpolarized and then recovered. In order to classify $K^+$ channels that cause hyperpolarization, we first applied TEA and apamin, general $K^+$ channel blockers, to the bath solution. Interestingly, the hyperpolarization of membrane potential still appeared in oocytes pretreated with TEA and apamin. This result suggest that the $K^+$ channel that induces hyperpolarization could belong to another $K^+$ channel such as two-pore domain $K^+(K_{2P})$channel that a.e insensitive to TEA and apamin. From these results, we suggest that the changes in $Ca^{2+}\;and\;K^+$ concentrations play a critical role in cell proliferation, differentiation and reproduction as well as early embryonic development, and $K_{2P}$ channels could be involved in regulation of membrane potential in ovulated oocytes.
Keywords
$Ca^{2+}$ current; membrane potential; potassium; oocytes; oviduct;
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