Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2018.51.5.439

Uncertainty analysis of quantitative rainfall estimation process based on hydrological and meteorological radars  

Lee, Jae-Kyoung (Innovation Center of Engineering Education, Daejin University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korea Water Resources Association / v.51, no.5, 2018 , pp. 439-449 More about this Journal
Abstract
Many potential sources of bias are used in several steps of the radar-rainfall estimation process because the hydrological and meteorological radars measure the rainfall amount indirectly. Previous studies on radar-rainfall uncertainties were performed to reduce the uncertainty of each step by using bias correction methods in the quantitative radar-rainfall estimation process. However, these studies do not provide comprehensive uncertainty for the entire process and the relative ratios of uncertainty between each step. Consequently, in this study, a suitable approach is proposed that can quantify the uncertainties at each step of the quantitative radar-rainfall estimation process and show the uncertainty propagation through the entire process. First, it is proposed that, in the suitable approach, the new concept can present the initial and final uncertainties, variation of the uncertainty as well as the relative ratio of uncertainty at each step. Second, the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) and Uncertainty Delta Method (UDM) were applied to quantify the uncertainty and analyze the uncertainty propagation for the entire process. Third, for the uncertainty quantification of radar-rainfall estimation at each step, two quality control algorithms, two radar-rainfall estimation relations, and two bias correction methods as post-processing through the radar-rainfall estimation process in 18 rainfall cases in 2012. For the proposed approach, in the MEM results, the final uncertainty (from post-processing bias correction method step: ME = 3.81) was smaller than the initial uncertainty (from quality control step: ME = 4.28) and, in the UDM results, the initial uncertainty (UDM = 5.33) was greater than the final uncertainty (UDM = 4.75). However uncertainty of the radar-rainfall estimation step was greater because of the use of an unsuitable relation. Furthermore, it was also determined in this study that selecting the appropriate method for each stage would gradually reduce the uncertainty at each step. Therefore, the results indicate that this new approach can significantly quantify uncertainty in the radar-rainfall estimation process and contribute to more accurate estimates of radar rainfall.
Keywords
Radar-rainfall estimation; Uncertainty quantification; Uncertainty propagation; Maximum entropy; Delta method;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Huff, F. A. (1970). "Sampling errors in measurement of mean precipitation." Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 9, pp. 35-44.   DOI
2 IPCC (2001). Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptations, and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA.
3 Jaynes, E. T. (1957). "Information theory and statistical mechanics." The Physical Review, Vol. 106, pp. 620-630.   DOI
4 Jones, R. N. (2000). "Managing uncertainty in climate change projections - issues for impact assessment: an editorial comment." Climatic Change, Vol. 45, pp. 403-419.   DOI
5 Kim, D.-S., Kang, M.-Y., Lee, D.-I., Kim, J.-H., Choi, B.-C., and Kim, K. E. (2006). "Reflectivity Z and differencial reflectivity ZDR correction for polarimetric radar rainfall measurement." Proceedings Spring Meeting of Korean Meteorological Society, 130-131.
6 Krajewski, W. F., and Smith, J. (2002). "Radar hydrology: rainfall estimation." Advances in Water Resources, Vol. 25, pp. 1387-1394.   DOI
7 Krajewski, W. F., Villarini, G., and Smith, J. A. (2010). "Radar-rainfall uncertainties." Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, Vol. 91, pp. 87-94.   DOI
8 Lee, J.-K. (2015). "Uncertainty analysis of quantitative radar rainfall estimation using the maximum entropy." Atmosphere, Korean Meteorological Society, Vol. 25, pp. 511-520.
9 Marshall, J. S., Langille, R. C., and Palmer, W. Mc K. (1947). "Measurement of rainfall by radar." Journal of Meteorology, Vol. 4, pp. 186-192.   DOI
10 McMillan, H., Jackson, B., Clark, M., Kavetski, D., and Woods, R. (2011). "Rainfall uncertainty in hydrological modeling: an evaluation of multiplicative error models." Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 400, pp. 83-94.   DOI
11 Morin, E., Maddox, R. A., Goodrich, S., and Sorooshin, S. (2005). "Radar Z-R relationship for summer monsoon storm in Arizona." Weather and Forecast, Vol. 20, pp. 672-679.   DOI
12 Moulin, L., Gaume, E., and Obled, C. (2009). "Uncertainties in mean areal precipitation: assessment and impact on streamflow simulations." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 13, pp. 99-114.   DOI
13 Oh, H.-M., Ha, K.-J, Kim, K.-E., and Bae, D.-H. (2003). "Precipitation rate combined with the use of optimal weighting of radar and rain gauge data." Atmosphere, Korean Meteorological Society, Vol. 13, pp. 316-317.
14 Rosenfeld, D., Wolff, D. B., and Amitai, E. (1994). "The window probability matching method for rainfall measurements with radar." Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 33, pp. 682-693.   DOI
15 Schneider S. H. (1983). "$CO_2$, climate change society: a brief overview." Social Science Research and Climate Change: Interdisciplinary Appraisal. [Chen, R. S., E. Boulding, and S. H. Schneider (Eds.)]. D. Reidel, Boston, MA, UAS, pp. 9-15.
16 Shannon, C. E. (1948). "A mathematical theory of communication." Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 27, pp. 379-423.   DOI
17 Villarini, G., and Krajewski, W. F. (2008). "Empirically-based modeling of spatial sampling uncertainties associated with rainfall measurements by rain gauges." Advances in Water Resources, Vol. 31, pp. 1015-1023.   DOI
18 Villarini, G., and Krajewski, W. F. (2010). "Sensitivity studies of the models of radar-rainfall uncertainties." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 49, pp. 288-309.   DOI
19 Weather Radar Center (2013). Weather radar data analysis guidance. Weather Radar Center technical note WRC 2013-02.
20 Austin, P. M. (1987). "Relation between measured radar reflectivity and surface rainfall." Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 115, pp. 1053-1070.   DOI
21 Campos, E., and Zawadzki, I. (2000). "Instrumental uncertainties in Z-R relations." Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 39, pp. 1088-1102.   DOI
22 Zhang, Y., Adams, T., and Bonta, J. V. (2007). "Subpixelscale rainfall variability and the effects on the separation of radar and gauge rainfall errors." Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 8, pp. 1348-1363.   DOI
23 Wilson, J. W., and Brandes, E. A. (1979). "Radar measurement of rainfall." Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, Vol. 60, pp. 1048-1058.   DOI
24 Woodley, W., Olsen, A., Herndon, A., and Wiggert, V. (1975). "Comparison of gage and radar methods of convective rain measurement." Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 14, pp. 909-928.   DOI
25 Yoo, C., Kim, J., Yoon, J., Park, C., Park, C., and Jun, C. (2011). "Use of the Kalman filter for the correction of mean-field bias of radar rainfall." Proceedings 5th Korea-Japan-China Joint Conference on Meteorology, Busan, Korea.
26 Zhange, J., Howard, K., Langston, C., Vasiloff, S., Kaney, B., Arthur, A., Cooten, S. V., Kelleher, K., Kitzmller, D., Ding, F., Seo, D.-J., and Dempsey, C. (2011). "National mosaic and multi-sensor QPE (NMW) system." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 92, pp. 1321-1338.   DOI
27 Germann, U., Galli, G., Boscacci, M., and Bolliger, M. (2006). "Radar precipitation measurement in a mountainous region." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorologic Society, Vol. 132, pp. 1669-1692.   DOI
28 Ciach, G. J., and Krajewski, W. F. (1999). "On the estimation of radar rainfall error variance." Advances in Water Resources, Vol. 22, pp. 585-595.   DOI
29 Ciach, G. J., Krajewski, W. F., and Villarini, G. (2007). "Product- error-driven uncertainty model for probabilistic quantitative precipitation estimation with NEXRAD data." Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 8, pp. 1325-1347.   DOI
30 Gay, C., and Estrada, F. (2010). "Objective probabilities about future climate are a matter of opinion." Climatic Change, Vol. 99, pp. 27-46.   DOI
31 Henderson-Sellers, A. (1993). "An antipodean climate of uncertainty." Climatic Change, Vol. 25, pp. 203-224.   DOI