Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2021.37.4.296

Contamination Assessment of Surface Sediments in Urban Rivers, Busan  

Kwag, Jin-Suk (Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment)
Son, Jung-Won (Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment)
Kim, Chu-In (Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment)
Song, Bok-Joo (Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment / v.37, no.4, 2021 , pp. 296-305 More about this Journal
Abstract
This work investigated heavy metal pollution in surface sediments of rivers in Busan, Korea. Surface sediments were analyzed in order to conduct contamination assessment of organic matter, nutrients, and heavy metal concentrations. Contamination assessment of heavy metals was conducted using geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI). Accumulation of organic matter and nutrients were affected by water discharged from sewage treatment plant. The concentrations of organic matter and nutrients were found to be greater in points which were close to the sewage treatment plant more than points furthest. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, and Ni were found to be greater in surface sediment more than in the background. The mean concentrations of heavy metals were in the order of Zn (323.5 mg/kg) > Cu (70.5 mg/kg) > Pb (39.8 mg/kg) > Cr (33.4 mg/kg) > Ni (13.5 mg/kg) > As (9.4 mg/kg) > Cd (0.84 mg/kg) > Hg (0.092 mg/kg). The result of geoaccumulation indices indicated that Hg > Cr > Cu > Ni > Zn > As > Pb > Cd were found in order of severe contamination by heavy metals. From PLI and RI analysis, it was evident that the Suyeonggang 2 was the most contaminated river.
Keywords
Geoaccumulation($I_{geo}$); Heavy metal; Pollution load index(PLI); Potential ecological risk index(RI); Surface sediment;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Bruland, K. W., Bertine, K., Koide, M., and Goldberg, E. D. (1974). History of metal pollution in southern California coastal zone, Environmental Science and Technology, 8(5), 425-432.   DOI
2 Grygar, T. M. and Popelka, J. (2016). Revisiting geochemical methods of distinguishing natural concentrations and pollution by risk elements in fluvial sediments, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 170, 39-57.   DOI
3 Jeong, K. S. (2007). Heavy metal contents in soil and vegetables collected from Busan district, Journal of Environmental Science International, 16(6), 725-733. [Korean Literature]   DOI
4 Kim, I. K., Lee, H. S., Paek, W. K., and Lee, J. W. (2010). A study on the bird communities and similarity of three streams in Daejeon Metropolitan City, Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology, 24(2), 147-156. [Korean Literature]
5 Kim, K. H., Kim, H. S., and Kim, J. W. (2011). Properties and heavy metal contents of urban agricultural soils in Seoul, Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer, 44(6), 1048-1051. [Korean Literature]   DOI
6 Kim, S., Ahn, J. M., Jung, K. Y., Lee, K. C., Kwon, H. G., Shin, D. S., and Yang, D. S. (2017). Contamination assessment of heavy metals in river sediments (For the surface sediments from Nakdong river), Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 33(4), 460-473. [Korean Literature]   DOI
7 Li, F., Huang, J., Zeng, G., Yuan, X., Li, X., Liang, J., Wang, X., Tang, X., and Bai, B. (2013). Spatial risk assessment and sources identification of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Dongting lake, middle China, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 132, 75-83.   DOI
8 Muller, G. (1979). Schwermetalle in Den Sediments Des Rheins Veranderungen Seit 1971, Umschan, 79, 778-783.
9 National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). (2012). River Lake Sediment Contamination Evaluation Guide Line, Ministry of Environment, National Institute of Environmental Research. [Korean Literature]
10 Li, J. and Ye, Y. (2017). Analysis of soil heavy metal pollution in Hechuan Wetland, Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology, 18(1), 60-63.
11 Vystavna, Y., Huneau, F., Schafer, J., Motelica-Heino, M., Blanc, G., Larrose, Y., Vergeles, A., Diadin, D., and Le Coustlumer, P. (2012). Distribution of trace elements in waters and sediments of the Seversky Donets transboundary watershed (Kharkiv region, eastern Ukraine), Applied Geochemistry. 27(10), 2077-2087.   DOI
12 Hakanson, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control, A sedimentological approach, Water Research, 14(8), 975-1001.   DOI
13 Kwag, J. S., Cho, G. J., Jeong, M. E., Ju, K. Y., Song, B. J., and Ryou, D. C. (2019). Contamination indices and heavy metal concentrations in Urban garden soil of Busan metropolis, Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer, 52(4), 502-512. [Korean Literature]   DOI
14 Chai, L., Li, H., Yand, Z., Min, X., Liao, Q., Liu, Y., Men, S., Yan, Y., and Xu, J. (2016). Heavy metals and metalloids in the surface sediments of the Xiangjiang river, Hunan, China: Distrbution, contamination, and ecological risk assessment, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(1), 874-885.   DOI
15 Thornton, I. (1984). Applied Environmental Geochemistry, Academic Press, London, 501.
16 Ni, M., Mao, R., Jia, Z., Dong, R., and Li, S. (2018). Heavy metals in soils of Hechuan Country in the upper Yangtze(SW China): Comparative pollution assessment using multiple indices with high-spatial-resolution sampling, Journal of Ecoloxicology and Environmental Safety, 148, 644-651.   DOI
17 Kim, J. G. and Jang, H. S. (2014). Evaluation of characteristics of particle composition and pollution of heavy metals for bottom sediments in Cheonsu bay, Korea - Comparison of the sediments environment of farming area and non-farming area, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, 20(4), 358-371. [Korean Literature]   DOI
18 Ahn, K. S., Park, C. Y., Shin, I. H., and Bae, J. P. (2003). Geochemical characteristics of stream sediments and waters around the Pungam landfill in Gwangju city, Korea, Journal of the Korean earth Science Society, 24(4), 290-302. [Korean Literature]
19 Alloway, B. L., Thornton, I., Smart, G. A., Sherlock, J. C., and Quinn, M. J. (1988). Metal availability, Science of the Total Environment, 75(1), 41-69.   DOI
20 Fang, X., Peng, B., Wang, X., Song, Z., Zhou, D., Wang, Q., Qin, Z., and Tan, C. (2019). Distribution, contamination and source identification of heavy metals in bed sediments from the lower reaches of the Xiangjiang river in Hunan province, China, Science of The Total Environment, 689(1), 557-570.   DOI
21 Islam, M. S., Ahmed, M. K., Raknuzzaman, M., Habibullah-Al-Mamun, M., and Islam, M. K. (2015). Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment; A preliminary assessment of an urban river in an developing country, Ecological Indicators, 48, 282-291.   DOI
22 Kim, C. L. and Oh, J. M. (2016). Effect of particle size of sediment on adsorption of fluoride, Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, 49(4), 289-295. [Korean Literature]   DOI
23 Liang, J., Liu, J., Yuan, X., Zeng, G., Lai, X., Li, X., Wu, H., Yuan, Y., and Li, F. (2015). Spatial and temporal variation of heavy metal risk and source in sediments of Dongting lake wetland, mid-south China, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 50(1), 100-108.   DOI
24 National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). (2015). Sediment Pollution Evaluation Standard of River and Lake, published rulings 687, National Institute of Environmental Research. [Korean Literature]
25 Oh, J. S. (2017). Characterization and classification of the soils used for urban agriculture through soil profile description, M.S. thesis, University of Seoul, Korea. [Korean Literature]
26 Singh, P. (2009). Major, trace and REE geochemistry of the Ganga River sediments: Influence of provenance and sedimentary processes, Chemical Geology, 266, 251-264.   DOI
27 Tomlinson, D. I., Wilson, J. G., Harris, C. R., and Jeffrey, D. W. (1980). Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index, Helgolander Meeresunters,33, 566-575.   DOI
28 Yoo, E. H., Choi, Y. J., and Kim, M. H. (2010). Pollution characteristics of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in deposited road particles of Busan, The Annual Report of Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environmnet, 20, 178-193. [Korean Literature]
29 Vital, H. and Stattegger, K. (2000). Major and trace elements of stream sediments from the lowermost Amazon River, Chemical Geology, 168(1-2), 151-168.   DOI
30 Yi, Y., Yang, Z., Zhang, S. (2011). Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in fishes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river basin, Environmental Pollution, 159(10), 2575-2585.   DOI
31 Zhang, Z., Lu, Y., Li, H., Tu, Y., Liu, B. and Yang, Z. (2018). Assessment of heavy metal contamination, distribution and source identification in the sediments from the Zijiang River, China, Science of The Total Environment, 645, 235-243.   DOI
32 Sutherland, R. A. (2000). Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii, Environmental. Geology, 39, 330-341.   DOI