Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2017.33.6.661

Estimation of Nitrate Leaching Rates for a Small Rural Watershed Using a Distributed Watershed Model  

Park, Min-Hye (Hydrocore Ltd.)
Park, Sunhwa (NIER)
Kim, Hyun-Koo (NIER)
Hwang, Jong-Yeon (NIER)
Kim, Tae-seung (NIER)
Chung, Hyen Mi (NIER)
Cho, Hong-Lae (Hydrocore Ltd.)
Lee, Taehwan (Hydrocore Ltd.)
Koo, Bhon K. (Hydrocore Ltd.)
Park, Yun Hee (KE Consulting Co. Ltd.)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment / v.33, no.6, 2017 , pp. 661-669 More about this Journal
Abstract
A distributed watershed model CAMEL (Chemicals, Agricultural Management and Erosion Losses) was applied to a small rural watershed where intensive livestock farming sites are located to estimate nitrate leaching rates from soil to groundwater. The model was calibrated against the stream flows, and T-N and $NO_3-N$ concentrations were observed at the watershed outlet for three rainfall events in 2014. The simulation results showed good agreement with the observed stream flows ($R^2=0.67{\sim}0.93$), T-N concentrations ($R^2=0.40{\sim}0.58$) and $NO_3-N$ concentrations ($R^2=0.43{\sim}0.65$). The estimated annual nitrate leaching rate of the watershed was 33.0 kg N/ha/yr. The contributing proportions of individual activities to the total nitrate leaching rate of the watershed were estimated for livestock farming, applications of chemical fertilizer, and manure. The simulation results showed that the highest contributor to the nitrate leaching rate of the watershed was chemical fertilizer applications. The simulation period was for one year only, however, and results may vary depending on different conditions. Gathering input data over a longer period of time and monitoring data for calibration is needed. When this has been accomplished, it is expected that this model can be applied to small rural watersheds for evaluating temporal and spatial variations of nitrogen transformations and transport processes.
Keywords
Distributed watershed model CAMEL; Groundwater; Mass balance; Nitrate leaching;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 8  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Lee, I. G. and Choi, S. H. (2012). Hydro-geochemical Nature and Nitrates Contamination Characters of Groundwater in the Youngdong, Chungbuk Province, Economic Environmental Geology, 45(1), 23-30. [Korean Literature]   DOI
2 Mein R. G. and Larson C. L. (1973). Modeling Infiltration During a Steady Rain, Water Resources Research, 9(2), 384-394.   DOI
3 Ministry of Construction & Transportation, K water. (2005). Research Report: A Study on Action Plans for Potential Groundwater Pollution Areas, GW-2005, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral resources, 487-490. [Korean Literature]
4 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, K water. (2015). 2015 GROUNDWATER ANNUAL REPORT, 11-1611000- 000155-10, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, K water, 3-4. [Korean Literature]
5 Moriasi, D. N., Arnold, J. G., Van Liew, M. W., Bingner, R. L., Harmel, R. D., and Veith, T. L. (2007). Model Evaluation Guidelines for Systematic Quantification of Accuracy in Watershed Simulations, Transactions of the ASABE(American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers), 50(3), 885-900.   DOI
6 Na, C. K. and Son, C. I. (2005). Groundwater Quality and Pollution Characteristics at Seomjin River Basin: Pollution Source and Risk Assessment, Economic Environmental Geology, 38(3), 261-272. [Korean Literature]
7 National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS). (2006). Standard Guidelines for Fertilizer Application Rates for Crops (Revised), National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 33-167. [Korean Literature]
8 National Institute of Environment Research (NIER). (2014). Technical Guidelines for TMDL Management, NIER-GP2014-057, National Institute of Environment Research, 39-48. [Korean Literature]
9 Panno, S. V., Kelly, W. R., Martinsek, A. T., and Hackley, K. C. (2006). Estimating Background and Threshold Nitrate Concentrations Using Probability Graphs, Ground Water, 44(5), 697-709.   DOI
10 Panno, S. V., Kelly, W. R., Weibel, C. P., Krapac, I. G., and Sargent, S. L. (2003). Water Quality and Agrichemical Loading in Two Groundwater Basins of Illinois' Sinkhole Plain, Environmental geology no. 156, Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois, United States, 1-2.
11 Park, H. R., Kim, M. K., and Hong, S. P. (2015) Characteristics of Nitrate Contamination of Groundwater - Case Study of Ogcheon Area, Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, 24(1), 87-98. [Korean Literature]   DOI
12 Santhi, C., Arnold, J. G., Williams, J. R., Dugas, W. A., Srinivasan, R., and Hauck, L. M. (2001). Validation of the SWAT Model on a Large River Basin with Point and Nonpoint Sources, Journal of American Water Resources Association, 37(5), 1169-1188.   DOI
13 Suk, H. J. and Chon, C. M. (2009). Model Development for Analysis of Nitrate Leaching and Its Field Application in a Rural Area, Economic and Environmental Geology, 42(6), 561-574.
14 Van Liew, M. W., Arnold, J. G., and Garbrecht, J. D. (2003). Hydrologic Simulation on Agricultural Watersheds: Choosing Between Two Models, Transactions of the ASAE(American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers), 46(6), 1539-1551.   DOI
15 Kim, K. H., Yun, S. T., Chae, G. T., Choi, B. Y., Kim, S. O., Kim, K. J., Kim, H. S., and Lee, C. W. (2002). Nitrate Contamination of Alluvial Groundwaters in the Keum River Watershed Area: Source and Behaviors of Nitrate, and Suggestion to Secure Water Supply, The Journal of Engineering Geology, 12(4), 471-484. [Korean Literature]
16 Green, W. H. and Ampt, G. A. (1911). Studies on Soil Physics, 1. The Flow of Air and Water Through Soils, Journal of Agricultural Science, 4, 11-24.
17 Hyun, S. G. (2001). Estimation Sources for Nitrate in Groundwater at Ongpo Stream Watershed in Jeju Island, Master's Thesis, Graduate school Cheju National Universtity, 14-15. [Korean Literature]
18 Hyun, Y. J., Lee, K. K., Kaown, D. I., and Lee, S. S. (2011), Modeling Groundwater Flow and Contaminant Transport in Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems, Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 47(3), 309-321
19 Jeon, S. R., Park, S. J., Kim, H. S., Jung, S. K., Lee, Y. U., and Chung, J. I. (2011). Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Estimation of Nitrate Contamination Sources of Groundwater in the Sunchang Area, Korea, Journal Geological Society of Korea, 47(2), 185-197. [Korean Literature]
20 Ki, M. G., Koh, D. C., Yoon, H. S., and Kim, H. S. (2013). Characterization of Nitrate Contamination and Hydrogeochemistry of Groundwater in an Agricultural Area of Northeastern Hongseong, Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment, 18(3), 33-51. [Korean Literature]   DOI
21 Kim, Y. T. and Woo, N. C. (2003). Nitrate Contamination of Shallow Groundwater in an Agricultural area having Intensive Livestock Facilities, Journal of Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment, 8(1), 56-67. [Korean Literature]
22 Kim, E. Y., Koh, D. C., Ko, K. S., and Yeo, I. W. (2008). Prediction of Nitrate Contamination of Groundwater in the Northern Nonsan Area Using Multiple Regression Analysis, Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment, 13(5), 57-73. [Korean Literature]
23 Koh, D. C. (2008). Nitrate Contamination of Bedrock Groundwater in the Southern Hongseong Area: Assessment for Impact of Livestock Feedlots, KIGAM Bulletin, 13(1), 20-33.
24 Koo, B. K., Dunn, S. M., and Ferrier, R. C. (2005). A Distributed Continuous Simulation Model to Identify Critical Source Areas of Phosphorus at the Catchment Scale: Model Description, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2, 1359-1404.   DOI
25 Kyllmar, K. (2004). Nitrogen Leaching in Small Agricultural Catchments, Doctoral thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, 19-20.