Browse > Article

Study on the Characteristics of Gray Water from an Apartment Complex for Reuse  

Park, Su Jeong (Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, Environmental Infrastructure Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Kwon, Oh Sang (Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, Environmental Infrastructure Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Tanaka, Hiroaki (Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University)
Kim, Chang Soo (Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, Environmental Infrastructure Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Kim, Eun Seok (Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, Environmental Infrastructure Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Kim, Ji Hye (Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, Environmental Infrastructure Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Jang, Seok Jea (Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, Environmental Infrastructure Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Ahn, Kyung Hee (Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, Environmental Infrastructure Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment / v.29, no.6, 2013 , pp. 847-851 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study describes the results of an investigation conducted in order to characterize the quantity and quality of individual gray water streams. The highest pollutants concentrations were found in gray water originating from kitchen and laundry with $BOD_5$ concentrations in the order of several hundreds $mgl^{-1}$. In contrast to this, bathroom was regarded as a major contributor of Escherichia coli. Laundry gray water has higher pH, sodium, sulfate, anionic surfactants. Individual gray water types had different contribution to the overall daily discharge and relative pollutants loads. Kitchen, although accounting for only 13% of the total volume, was identified as a major source of microorganisms with Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Fecal streptococcus taking up 82%, 74% and 54% of their relative daily load, respectively. The laundry gray water, although being responsible for 36% of the total daily discharge, was established as a significant contributor of sodium, sulfate, anionic surfactants and TOC (70%, 72%, 84% and 52%, respectively). But the laundry gray water was a minor source of microorganisms. Bathroom was found to be a major gray water producer, making up 51% of the flow, but constituted less than 50% of the relative daily load in most cases.
Keywords
Apartment complex; Characteristics; Gray water; Reuse;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Albrechtsen, H. J. (2002). Microbiological Investigations of Rainwater and Gray water Collected for Toilet flushing, Journal of Water Science and Technology, 46(6-7), pp. 311-316.
2 Al-Jayyousi, O. R. (2003). Graywater Reuse: Towards Water Management, Desalination, 156(1-3), pp. 181-92.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 American Public Health Association (APHA). (2005). Standarad methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater, 21st Edition, American Public Health Association.
4 Burrows, W. D., Schmidt, M. D., Carnevale, R. M., and Schaub, S. A. (1991). Nonpotable Reuse: Development of Health Criteria and Technologies for Shower Water Recycle, Journal of Water Science and Technology, 24(9), pp. 81-88.
5 Christova-Boal, D., Eden, R. E., and McFarlane, S. (1996). An Investigation into the Greywater Reuse for Urban Residential Properties, Desalination, 106, pp. 391-397.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Little, V. L. (2002). Graywater Guidlines, The Water Conservation Alliance of Southern Arizona, Tucson.
7 Ministry of Environment (MOE). (2010). Promotion of and Support for Water Reuse Act, Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
8 Ministry of Environment (MOE). (2012a). Korean Standard Methods, Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
9 Ministry of Environment (MOE). (2012b). 2011 Sewerage Statistics, Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
10 Ministry of Environment (MOE). (2013). Sewerage Act, Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
11 Morel, A. and Diener, S. (2006). Greywater Management in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Review of Different Treatment Systems for Households or Neighbourhoods. Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science (EAWAG), Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (SANDEC).
12 Nolde, E. (1999). Greywater Reuse Systems for Toilet Flushing in Multi-Storey Buildings: Over Ten Years Experience in Berlin, Urban Water, 1, pp. 275-284.
13 Siegrist, R., Witt, M., and Boyle, W. C. (1976). Characteristics of Rural Household Wastewater, Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, 102, pp. 533-548.
14 Surendran S. and Wheatley A. D. (1998). Greywater Reclamation for Non-potable Reuse, Journal of Environmental Management, 12, pp. 406-413.
15 Wallach, R., Ben-Arie, O., and Graber, E. R. (2005). Soil Water Repellency Induced by Long-term Irrigation with Treated Sewage Effluent, Journal of Environmental Quality, 34, pp. 1910-1920.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Wiel-Shafran, A., Gross, A., Ronen, Z., Weisbrod, N., and Adar, E. (2005). Effects of Surfactants Originating from Reuse of Greywater on Capillary Rise in the Soil, Journal of Water Science and Technology, 52(10-11), 157-166
17 Wilderer, P. A. (2004). Applying Sustainable Water Managemant Concepts in Rural and Urban Areas: Some Thoughts about Reasons, Means and Needs, Journal of Water Science ad Technology, 49(7), pp. 7-16.