Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2012.23.4.411

Distribution Levels of Phthalates and Di-2-ethylhexyladipate in Domestic Environment  

Shin, Hye-Seoung (Hankyong National University, Hankyong Analysis Center)
Shin, Jeoung Hwa (Korea Basic Science Institute)
Ahn, Yun Gyong (Korea Basic Science Institute)
Publication Information
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science / v.23, no.4, 2012 , pp. 411-418 More about this Journal
Abstract
Phthalates and di-2-ethylhexyladipate are both widely used as industrial chemicals and exposure high levels over long periods of time can cause toxicity, estrogenic responses and endocrine disruption properties in both humans and animals. So far, their global monitoring in environmental matrices has been performed continuously. A developed method, including modified SPEED'98 (Japan Environment Agency) and USEPA was established for simple and rapid determination of phthalates and di-2-ethylhexyladipate in various matrices. This method was applied to explore the distribution levels in domestic environmental media such as water, soil and sediment. Eight phthalates (DEP(di-ethyl), DEHP(di-[2-ethyl-hexyl]), DprP (di-propyl), DBP(di-n-butyl), DPP(di-n-pentyl), DHP(di-n-hexyl), DCHP(di-cyclohexyl), BBP(butyl benzyl) and Adipate (di-2-ethylhexyl adipate) were investigated by seasonal sampling(spring, autumn) at 24 domestic sites. Phthalates and adipate were not detected in water samples and DEP, DBP, and DEHP were mainly detected in soil and sediment samples. The concentrations of DEP and DBP excluding DEHP in spring were higher in soil than those of sediment. Total concentrations of phthalates were significantly decreased in autumn for both soil and sediment.
Keywords
phthalates; di-2-ethylhexyladipate; environment; distribution levels;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Andersson E(2005) Hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) - expanding the scope of the RoHS directive; Gooteborg University, Sweden & Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate.
2 Cai QY, Mo CH, Wu QT, Zeng QY, Katsoyiannis A(2007) Quantitative determination of organic priority pollutants in the composts of sewage sludge with rice straw by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1143, 207-214.   DOI
3 Chen CW, Chen CF, Dong CD(2011) Distribution of Phthalate Esters in Sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan Soil and Sediment Contamination: Chia-Nan Annual Bulletin 37, 88-95.
4 Clark K, Cousins I, Mackay D, Yamada J(2003) Observed concentrations in the environment. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry: Phthalate Esters. vol. 3, part Q. Staples CA, ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. 125-177.
5 Elshahed MS, Gieg LM, Mcinerney MJ, Suflita JM(2001) Signature metabolites attesting to the in situ attenuation of alkylbenzenes in anaerobic environments. Environ Sci Technol. 35(4), 682-639.   DOI
6 Liu WL, Zhang CB, Zhang Z(2011) Distribution of Phthalate Esters in Soil of E-waste Recycling Sites in China. Global Chinese Scientists Environmental Protection Forum http://zt.cast.org.cn/n12603275/n12603449/12988343.html
7 Martendal E, Carasek E(2011) A new approach based on a combination of direct and headspace cold-fiber solid-phase microextraction modes in the same procedure for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalate esters in soil samples. J Chromatogr A. 1218(13), 1707-1714.   DOI
8 Niu Z, Ye X, Fang L, Xue Q, Sun Z(2006) Determination of phthalic acid esters in textiles by solid phase extraction-gas chromatography. Chinese journal of chromatography 24(5), 503-507.
9 Oh BS, Jung YJ, Oh YJ, Yoo SY, Kang JW(2006) Application of ozone, UV and ozone/UV processes to reduce diethyl phthalate and its estrogenic activity. Science of the Total Environment 367(31), 681-693.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Peakall DB(1975) Phthalate esters: occurrence and biological effects. Residue Rev. 54, 1-41.
11 Rios JJ, Morales A, Márquez-Ruiz G(2010) Headspace solid-phase microextraction of oil matrices heated at high temperature and phthalate esters determination by gas chromatography multistage mass spectrometry. Talanta 80(5), 2076-2082.   DOI
12 Silva MJ, Barr DB, Reidy JA, Malek NA, Hodge CC, Caudill SP, Brock JW, Needham LL, Calafat AM(2004) Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in the U.S. population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Environ Health Perspect. 112(3), 331-338.
13 Staples CA, Peterson DR, Parkerton TF, Adams WJ(1997) The environmental fate of phthalate esters: a literature review. Chemosphere 35(4), 667-749.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 US Environmental Protection Agency(2012) Phthalates Action Plan, Law & Regulations, Introduction to Water Policy Standards, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
15 Van WAP, Vlaardingen P, Posthumus R, Crommentuijn GH, Sijm DT(2000) Environmental risk limits for two phthalates, with special emphasis on endocrine disruptive properties. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 46(3), 305-21.   DOI
16 Wang H, Wang C, Wu W, Wang Z(2002) Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in surface sediments of Donghu Lake, Wuhan, Hubei, China. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 37(4), 499-507.   DOI
17 WHO (2003) Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, third ed. World Health Organization, Geneva.
18 Xia X, Yang L, Bu Q, Liu R(2011) Levels, distribution, and health risk of phthalates esters in urban soils of beijing, China. J Environ Qual. 40(5), 1643-1651.   DOI
19 Yuan SY, Liu C, Liao CS, Chang BV(2002) Occurrence and microbial degradation of phthalate esters in Taiwan river sediments. Chemosphere 49(10), 1295-1299.   DOI