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http://dx.doi.org/10.11001/jksww.2022.36.2.107

Investigation on the occurrence and fate of micropollutants in domestic wastewater treatment plants based on full-scale monitoring and simple statistical analysis  

Chae, Sung Ho (Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST))
Lim, Seung Ji (Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST))
Lee, Jiho (Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST))
Gashaw, Seid Mingizem (Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST))
Lee, Woongbae (School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST))
Choi, Sangki (School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST))
Lee, Yunho (School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST))
Lee, Woorim (Water Quality Institute, Busan Water Authority)
Son, Heejong (Water Quality Institute, Busan Water Authority)
Hong, Seok-Won (Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST))
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater / v.36, no.2, 2022 , pp. 107-119 More about this Journal
Abstract
The frequent detection and occurrence of micropollutants (MPs) in aquatic ecosystems has raised public health concerns worldwide. In this study, the behavior of 50 MPs was investigated in three different domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Furthermore, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess the geographical and seasonal variation of MPs in the WWTPs. The results showed that the concentrations of 43 MPs ranged from less than 0.1 to 237.6 ㎍ L-1, while other seven MPs including 17-ethynylestradiol, 17-estradiol, sulfathiazole, sulfamethazine, clofibric acid, simvastatin, and lovastatin were not detected in all WWTPs. Among the detected MPs, the pharmaceuticals such as metformin, acetaminophen, naproxen, and caffeine were prominent with maximum concentrations of 133.4, 237.6, 71.5, and 107.7 ㎍ L-1, respectively. Most perfluorinated compounds and nitrosamines were found at trace levels of 1.2 to 55.3 ng L-1, while the concentration of corrosion inhibitors, preservatives (parabens), and endocrine disruptors ranged from less than 0.1 to 4310.8 ng L-1. Regardless of the type of biological treatment process such as MLE, A2O, and MBR, the majority of pharmaceuticals (except lincomycin, diclofenac, iopromide, and carbamazepine), parabens (except Methyl paraben), and endocrine disruptors were removed by more than 80%. However, the removal efficiencies of certain MPs such as atrazine, DEET, perfluorinated compounds (except PFHxA), nitrosamines, and corrosion inhibitors were relatively low or their concentration even increased after treatment. The results of statistical analysis reveal that there is no significant geographical difference in the removal efficacy of MPs, but there are temporal seasonal variations in all WWTPs.
Keywords
Statistical analysis; Micropollutants; On-site monitoring; Seasonal variations; Wastewater treatment plants;
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