Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.11001/jksww.2017.31.6.491

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) in Major Drinking Water Treatment Plants, Korea  

Son, Boyoung (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Lee, Leenae (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Yang, Mihee (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Park, Sangmin (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Pyo, Heesoo (Korea Institute of Science and Technology)
Lee, Wonsuk (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Park, Juhyun (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater / v.31, no.6, 2017 , pp. 491-499 More about this Journal
Abstract
The chemical structures of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs) have unique properties such as thermal and chemical stability that make them useful components in a wide variety of consumer and industrial products. Two of these PFCs, perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), have received attention and were the most commonly detected. In this study it was analyzed the concentrations of 8 PFCs in samples were collected from drinking water treatment plants for 5 years(2012-2016). PFOS and PFOA were also high concentration and frequency. The mean concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were detected $0.0026-0.0069{\mu}g/L$ and $0.0009-0.0024{\mu}g/L$ in samples from drinking water treatment plants. These were relatively lower or similar compared to PFOS concentrations in Osaka(Japan). In general, these levels are below health-based values set by international authoritative bodies for drinking water. These results will be serve as the first monitoring data for PFCs in drinking water and be useful for characterizing the concentration distribution and management of PFCs in future studies.
Keywords
Drinking water treatment plants; LC-MS/MS; Perfluorinated compounds; Risk assessment;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Atkinson, C., Blake, S., Hall, T., Kanda, R., Rumsby, P. (2008). Survey of the prevalence of perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) and related compounds in drinking water and their sources, Report DEFRA 7585.
2 Australian Government Department of Health (2013). http://www.nicnas.gov.au/chemical-information/Topics-of-interest/subjectsper-and-poly-fluorinated-chemicals-pfcs (Aug 7, 2017).
3 Boiteux, V., Dauchy, X., Rosin, C., Munoz, J.F. (2012). National Screening Study on 10 Perfluorinated Compounds in Raw and Treated Tap Water in France, Archives Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 63, 1-12.   DOI
4 Calafat, A.M., Wong, L.Y., Kuklenyik, Z., Reidy, J.A., Needhan, L.L. (2007). Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals in the U. S. Population: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 and Comparisons with NHANES 1999-2000, Environ. Health Perspect, 115, 1596-1602.   DOI
5 Cui, L., Zhou, Q.F., Liao, C.Y., Fu, J.J., Jiang, G.B. (2009). Studies on the Toxicological Effects PFOA and PFOS on Rats Using Histological Observation and Chemical Analysis, Archives of Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 56, 338-349.   DOI
6 Dinglasan, M.J., Ye, Y., Edwards, E.A., Mabury, S.A. (2004). Fluorotelomer Alcohol Biodegradation Yields Poly-and Perfluorinated Acids. Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2857-2864.   DOI
7 Domingo, J. L. (2012). Health risks of dietary exposure to perfluorinated compounds. Environ. Int., 40, 187-19.   DOI
8 Han, X., Snow, T.A., Kemper, R.A., Jepson, G.W. (2003). Binding of perfluorooctanoic acid to rat and human plasma proteins, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 16, 775-781.   DOI
9 Fujii, S., Polprasert, C., Tanaka, S., Lien, N.P.H., Qiu, Y. (2007). New POPs in the environment: distribution, bioaccumulation and treatment of perfluorinated compounds. J. Water Suppl. Res. Technol. AQUA, 56, 313-326.   DOI
10 Giesy, J. P. and Kannan, K. (2001). Global distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate in wildlife, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 1339-1342.   DOI
11 Hekster, F.M., Laane, R.W., Vooqt, P. (2003). Environmental and toxicity effects of perfluoroalkylated substances. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 179, 99-121.
12 Hinderliter, P.M., DeLorme, M.P., Kennedy, G.L. (2006). Perfluorooctanoic acid: Relationship between repeated inhalation exposures and plasma PFOA concentration in the rat. Toxicol., 222, 80-85.   DOI
13 Kim, B. H. and Lee, J. Y. (2010). Policy & Management of persistent organic pollutant in Korea. KIC news, 13, 1-10.
14 Lau, C., Anitole, K., Hodes, C., LAi, D., Pfahles-Hutchens, A., Seed, J. (2007). Perfluoroalkyl acid: a review of monitoring and toxicological findings, Toxicol. Sci., 99, 366-394.   DOI
15 Post, G.B., Cohn, P.D., Cooper, K.R. (2012). Perfluorooctanoic acid, an emerging drinking water contaminant: A critical review of recent literature, Environ. Res., 116, 93-117.   DOI
16 Lein, N.P.H., Fujii, S., Tanaka, S., Nozoe, M., Tanaka, H. (2008). Contamination of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate(PFOA) in surface water of the Yodo River basin(Japan). Desalination, 226, 338-347.   DOI
17 Lin, A.Y., Panchangam, S.C., Lo, C.C. (2009). The impact of semicondutor, electronics and optoelectronic industries on downstream perfluorinated chemical contamination in Taiwanese rivers, Environ. Pollution, 157, 1363-1372.
18 Lindstrom, A.B., Strynar, M.J., Libelo, E.L. (2011). Polyfluorinated compounds: past, present and future, Environ. Sci. Technol, 45, 7954-7961.   DOI
19 Martin, J.W., Muir, D.C.G., Moody, C.A., Ellis, D.A., Kwan, W.C., Solomon, K.R., Mabury, S.A. (2002). Collection of Airborne Fluorinated Organics and Analysis by Gas Chromatography/Chemical Ionization Mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 74, 584-590   DOI
20 Post, G.B., Louis, J.B., Cooper, K.R., Boros-Russo, B.J., Lippincott, R.L. (2009). Occurrence and Potential Significance of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Detected in New Jersey Public Drinking Water Systems, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 4547-4554.   DOI
21 Prevedouros, K., Cousins, I.T., Buck, R.C., Korzeniowski, S.H. (2006). Source, fate and transport of perfluorocaboxylates, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 32-44.   DOI
22 Shin, M.Y., Im, J.K., Kho, Y.L., Zoh, K.D. (2009). Quantitative Determination of PFOA and PFOS in the Effuent of Sewage Treatment Plants and in Han River, J. Environ. Hlth. Sci., 35, 334-342.
23 Takagi, S., Adachi, F., Miyano, K., Koizumi, Y., Tanaka, H., Mimura, M., Watanabe, I., Tanabe, S., Kannan, K. (2008). Perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanonate in raw and treated tap water from Osaka, Japan. Chemosphere, 72, 1709-1412.
24 The environmental Working Group (2003), http://www.ewg.org/research/pfcs-global-contaminants/pfoa-pollutesair-drinking-water-food#WaJT7U2QwdU (May 11, 2017).