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http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2020.21.11.804

An Empirical Study of Two Different Groups of Zero Leverage Firms in Korea: Firms with Financial Constraints and Firms with Debt Avoidance for Future Investment  

Yang, Insun (School of Business Administration, Hongik University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society / v.21, no.11, 2020 , pp. 804-813 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper finds that Korean zero-leverage firms are not homogeneous. By conducting both univariate and multivariate logit regression analysis, this paper finds that Korean zero-leverage firms have zero leverage as either a consequence of financial constraints or because of a strategic decision to mitigate under-investment incentives and preserve financial flexibility. There are two distinct groups of unlevered firms with different levels of constraints as measured by their dividend policy, namely dividend payers and non-payers. Importantly, this paper finds new evidence that these two groups have different motives for selecting a zero leverage policy. Firms in the first group (non-payers) have zero leverage, mainly due to financial constraints. They rely heavily on their internal funds and consequently invest in fewer growth opportunities than their levered counterparts. Firms in the second group (payers) deliberately avoid debts and preserve financial flexibility to mitigate investment distortions, as predicted by the under-investment and financial flexibility hypotheses.
Keywords
Zero Leverage Firms; Financial Constraints; Financial Flexibility; Dividends; Investment;
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