Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2019.20.7.68

Factors Influencing on Attitude toward Homosexuality among Nursing Students: Focusing on Sexual Assertiveness and Sex Stereotypes  

Park, Seo-A (Department of Nursing, Gyeongbuk college of Health)
Shin, Kyoung-Sook (College of Nursing, Graduate School of Keimyung University)
Kim, Hye-Young (College of Nursing, Keimyung University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society / v.20, no.7, 2019 , pp. 68-77 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relevance and different factors having an impact on sexual assertiveness and sex stereotypes for the attitude among nursing students toward homosexuality. A survey was conducted on 253 nursing students in D city using a self-report questionnaire. The data was collected from April 11 to April 20, 2019 and it was then analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlations and multiple regression using SPSS 22.0. The average of sexual assertiveness in the nursing students was $4.44{\pm}0.37$, and the average of sex stereotypes was $2.08{\pm}0.58$, and the average of attitude toward homosexuality was $2.75{\pm}0.37$. The attitude toward homosexuality according to the general characteristics differed among religions (F=13.32, p<.000), religious life (F=20.43, p<.000) and method of parenting (F=2.74, p<.044). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between sexual assertiveness and the attitude toward homosexuality (r=-0.13, p=.034). Also, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between sex stereotypes and the attitude toward homosexuality (r=0.24, p<.000). Religion, religious life and sex stereotypes were the influential factors. Models that included the variables explained 23.1% of the variance for the attitude toward homosexuality. Thus, it is necessary to create an interventional strategy related to nursing student' attitude towards homosexuality so as to develop a practical educational program for promoting healthy gender identity.
Keywords
Nursing Student; Gender Role; Gender Identity; Homosexuality; Attitude Toward Homosexuality; Sexual Homophobic; Sex Stereotypes; Sexual Assertiveness;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 S. H. Choi, Factors Influencing Sexual Assertiveness of Women University Students in Nursing, Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, Vol.25, No. 4, pp. 367-374. 2016. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2016.25.4.367   DOI
2 E. S. Lee, H. S. Kang, A study on university students' gender role stereotype, sexual assertiveness, sexual assault recognition, sexual violence permissiveness and sexual violence experience in dating. J East-West Nurs Res. Vol. 20, No.1 pp. 48- 56. 2014. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14370/jewnr.2014.20.1.48   DOI
3 S. L. Bem, Sex role adaptability; One consequence of psychological androgyny. J Personal Soc Psychol, Vol. 31, pp.634-643. 1975. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0077098   DOI
4 S. H. Nam, M. A Kim, "The Study on the Gender Role Identity & Sex Stereotypes of College Students." Journal of Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing, Vol.17, No. 4, pp. 561-572, 2005. From: http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01548754
5 A. P. Haas, et. al., Suicide and suicide risk in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations: Review and recommendations. Journal of homosexuality, Vol.58, No.1, pp.10-51. 2010. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2011.534038   DOI
6 K. D. Yeu, M. H. Lee, "The Homosexual Identity Development Process and Mental Health In Korean Gay Men.", J Korean Acad Psych Mental Health Nurs, Vol. 15, No.3, pp. 289-298, 2006.
7 J. C. Phillips, K. M. Ingram, N. G. Smith, E. J. Mindes, "Methodological and content review of lesbian-, gay-, and bisexual-related articles in counseling journals: 1990-1999." The Counseling Psychologist, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.25-62, 2003. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000002239398   DOI
8 I. S. Jang, "Effects of Gender Role Attitude and Self-esteem on Attitude Toward Homosexuality among College Students in Korea." The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, Vol. 17, No. 8, 560-569, 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org.kims.kmu.ac.kr/10.5392/JKCA.2017.17.08.560   DOI
9 A. L. Roberts, S. B. Austin, H. L. Corliss, A. K. Vandermorris, K. C. Koenen, "Pervasive trauma exposure among US sexual orientation minority adults and risk of post traumatic stress disorder." American journal of public health, Vol. 100, No.12, pp. 2433-2441, 2010. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.168971   DOI
10 J. Lee, D. Y. Shim, M. O. Yang, H. S. Kim, "The Effects of Sexual Behavior and Self-Esteem on Homophobia among Korean College Students." Journal of Digital Convergence, Vol.13, No.1, pp. 543-553, 2015. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2015.13.1.543   DOI
11 R. D. Fisher, D. Derison, III. C. F. Polley, J. Cadman, D. Johnston, Religiousness, Religious Orientation, and Attitudes Towards Gays and Lesbians 1, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 24, No. 7, 614-630, 1994. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00603.x   DOI
12 D. I. Kim, A study on the relationship between gender stereotypes and authoritarianism. Social Science Review,63(2), 45-56. 1993.
13 R. Bouton, P. Gallaher, P. Garlinghouse, T. Leal, L. Rosenstein, R. Young, Scales for measuring fear of AIDS and homophobia. Journal of Personality Assessment, Vol.51, No. 4, pp. 606-614. 1987. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5104_13   DOI
14 B. J. Lee, Social work students' attitudes towards lesbians and gay men. Social Science Research Review, Vol.22, No.2, pp.1-19. 2006.
15 Y. S. Seo, J. L. Lee, J. H. Cha, The Effects of Gender Role Attitudes, Religiosity, Authoritarianism, and Cultural Values on Korean College Students' Homophobia, The Korean Psychological Association, Vol.18, No.1, pp.177-199, 2006. From: http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE06369550
16 M. K. Jun, J. H. Jun, S. A. Whang, Recognition and Attitude toward Homosexuality of High School Students, Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology, Vol. 7, No. 10, pp. 631-642, 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2017.10.09.   DOI
17 H. J. Lee, M. H. Kang, The Validation of the PAQ and the Relationship with Parenting Style and Family Function, Studies on Korean Youth, Vol.19, No.3, pp.5-31, 2008. From: http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01043343
18 R. D. Parke, R. Buriel, Socialization in the family: Ethnic and ecological perspectives. Handbook of child psychology.1998. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0308
19 S. O. Yang, G. H. Jeong, "Perceptional difference of sexual image and sexual role between male and female students in university, Korea." Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, Vol.8, No.2, pp.289-300, 2002.   DOI
20 M. H. Shim, Y. Endo, "A research on gender-role identity, gender discriminative consciousness and attitudes toward military service of Korean college students.", Korean J Psychol Soc Issues, Vol.17, No.1,pp.1-17,2011 From: http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06373882
21 S. L. Bem, "Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing." Psychological review, Vol. 88, No.4, pp.354, 1981. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.88.4.354   DOI
22 P. H. Smith, J. W. White, and L. J. Holland, "A longitudinal perspective on dating violence among adolescent and college-age women." American Journal of public health Vol.93. No. 7, pp. 1104-1109, 2003. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.7.1104   DOI
23 Y. H. Kim, S. T. Moon, H. S. Kang, "Factors influencing on sexual assertiveness of college students. " Korean J Women Health Nurs. Vol.19, No.3, pp166-175, 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org.kims.kmu.ac.kr/10.4069/kjwhn.2013.19.3.166   DOI
24 J. Y. Lee, E. S. Lee, "Development and validation of the Korea sexual self-assertiveness scale for female." The Korean Journal of Counseling, Vol. 7, pp. 47-62, 2006.
25 P. J. Morokoff, K. Quina, L. L. Harlow, L. Whitmire, D. M. Grimley, P. R. Gibson, et al. "Sexual assertiveness scale for women: Development and validation." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 790-804, 1997. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.790   DOI
26 N. M. Yang, J. Y. Lee, "The effect of rape myth on the sexual assertiveness and control disposition-focusing on the mediating effect of gender equality awareness in high school students." Journal of Asian Women, Vol. 47, No. 47,pp. 39-65, 2008.
27 D. I. Kim, Sociology of Gender. Seoul: Munemsa, 1993.
28 The Royal Collage of Nursing. The Nursing Care of Lesbian and Gay Male Patients or Clients, 2003. Available fromURL: http://www.rcn.org.uk/data/assets/pdf_file/0007/785 7/002018.pdf. Accessed 14 November 2011.
29 R. Kalin & P. J. Tilby, Development and validation of a sex role ideology scale. Psychological Reports, Vol.42, No.3, pp. 731-738. 1978. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1978.42.3.731   DOI
30 S. Dogan, M. Dogan, E. Bestepe, E. Eker, "Development and reliability study of Homosexuality Attitudes Scale: a preliminary study." Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 9, pp. 84-90, 2008. From: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/36448023
31 G. Rondahl, S. Innala, M. Carlsson, "Nursing staff and nursing students' emotions towards homosexual patients and their wish to refrain from nursing, if the option existed." Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science, Vol.18, No. 1, pp. 19-26, 2004. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2004.00263.x   DOI
32 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2012). National healthcare disparities report 2011. Retrieved from From: www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/nhdr 11.pdf
33 S.H. Oh, H. S. Kang, Y.H. Kim, Analysis of rape myths acceptance and gender role stereotype among female and male university students. Journal of Korean Academy of Public Health Nursing, Vol.24, pp. 249-257. 2010. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5932/JKPHN.2010.24.2.249
34 The Joint Commission, Behaviors that undermine a culture of safety. Sentinel Event Alert, Vol. 40, pp. 1-3, 2008. Retrieved from : www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/SEA_40.PDF
35 P. J. Morokoff, K. Quina, L.. L.. Harlow, L. Whitmire, D.M. Grimley, P. R. Gibson, et al, Sexual assertiveness scale for women: Development and validation. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, Vol.73 ,No.4 pp.790-804. 1997. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.790   DOI
36 E.H. Ha, J.M. Jun, M.S.Yoo, S.H. Lee, Y.J. Cho, The validity and reliability of the sexual development assessment scale for the high school students. Korean Journal of Youth S of Counseling, Vol 7, pp. 47-62. 2006.
37 R. C. Savin-Williams, "Verbal and physical abuse as stressors in the lives of lesbian, gay male, and bisexual youths: associations with school problems, running away, substance abuse, prostitution, and suicide." Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, Vol. 62, No.2, pp. 261, 1994. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.62.2.261   DOI
38 M. A Kim, S. H. Nam, "A Q study on gender-role identity among college students." Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing, Vol.16, No.2,pp.306-315, 2004. From: http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01548777
39 R. Garofalo, R. C. Wolf, S. Kessel, J. Palfrey, R. H. DuRant, "The association between health risk behaviors and sexual orientation among a school-based sample of adolescents." Pediatrics, Vol. 101, No. 5, pp. 895-902, 1998. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.101.5.895   DOI
40 E. K. Moscicki, P. Muehrer, L. B. Potter, "Introduction to supplemental issue: Research issues in suicide and sexual orientation." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 1-3, 1995. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.1995.tb00484.x   DOI
41 E. Saewyc, L. Bearinger, P. Heinz, R. Blum, M. Resnick, "Gender differences in health and risk behaviors among bisexual and homosexual adolescents." Journal of Adolescent Health, Vol. 23, No.3, pp. 181-188, 1998. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(97)00260-7   DOI
42 M. E. Kite, K. B. Bryant-Lees, "Historical and contemporary attitudes toward homosexuality." Teaching of Psychology, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp.164-170, 2016. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628316636297   DOI
43 L. M. Lance, "The effects of interaction with gay persons on attitudes toward homosexuality." Human Relations, Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 329-336, 1987. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678704000601   DOI
44 G. M. Herek, "Heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences." Journal of sex research, Vol. 25, No.4, pp. 451-477, 1988. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/00224498809551476   DOI
45 J. G. Kerns, M. A. Fine, "The relation between gender and negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbians: Do gender role attitudes mediate this relation?." Sex Roles, Vol.31, No.5-6, pp.297-307, 1994. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01544590   DOI