Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2019.20.6.501

A Study on the Decisive Factors Influencing the Career Preparation Activities of North Korean Adolescent Defector  

Cho, Hyun-Seob (Dept. of Addiction Rehabilitation Counseling, Chonshin University)
Chae, Kyung-Hee (Dept. of Christian Edu, Chonshin University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society / v.20, no.6, 2019 , pp. 501-513 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this study, which is based on the findings of the preceding studies, the researchers determined social support and Career Decision Self-efficacy as the key influencing variables for the successful Career Preparation Activities, to analyze the relationship between Career Preparation Activities and these variables, while identifying the mediating effect of Career Decision Self-efficacy in the relationship between social support and Career Preparation Activities. In addition, there is an objective to provide effective career counseling materials. For this study, a total of 174 North Korean adolescent defectors, who were in their middle and high schools, were interviewed and the resultant data were analyzed the data based on the questionnaire data of 204 copies from March 12 to 19, 2019. For the analysis of the data, SPSS and AMOS statistical suites were used to verify the hypothesis. The result of the analysis showed that, first, in the relationship between the social support, Career Decision Self-efficacy, and Career Preparation Activities of the North Korean adolescent defectors social support, Career Decision Self-efficacy, and Career Preparation Activities were all positively related. Especially, Career Decision Self-efficacy has been identified as the variable that is highly related to Career Preparation Activities. Second, rather than social support(${\beta}=.107$), Career Decision Self-efficacy(${\beta}=.388$) turned out to have more profound direct influence on Career Preparation Activities. Third, social support did not influence Career Preparation Activities directly(${\beta}=.107$, p>.05) but completely intermediated Career Decision Self-efficacy to influence Career Preparation Activities(Indirect effect=.307, p<.05, Z-value=2.924, p<.01). The findings of this study show that, in order to enhance the Career Preparation Activities of the North Korean adolescent defectors, it is necessary to examine how they perceive the emotional, informational, material, and evaluative supports from the surrounding environment are perceived and identify the abilities, values, and career desires of themselves through a behavioral planning that can establish a professional and value system in accordance with them.
Keywords
North Korean Adolescent Defector; Social Support; Career Decision Self-Efficacy; Career Preparation Behavior; Mediating Effect;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Y. Y. Kim, M. A. Son, S. H. Kim, "Effects of family and social relations on happiness of North Korean adolescent refugees in South Korea", Korea Journal of Population Studies, Vol.41, No.2 pp.179-205, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31693/kjps.2018.06.41.2.179   DOI
2 H. K. Shin, H. K. Kim, "Moderating effects of self-esteem in the relationships of academic stress, family problem stress and post-traumatic stress of North Korean adolescent defectors", Korean Journal of Youth Studies, Vol.22, No.11 pp.337-357, 2015.
3 M. S. Choi, T. S. Chioi, J. H. Kang, "Psychological characteristics of children and adolescents escaped from North Korea & seeing a counseling strategy", Korean Journal of Play Therapy, Vol.9 No.3 pp.23-34, 2006.
4 C. H. Jang, "Social work approach for the adjustment of children and youth from North Korea", Korean Journal of Social Welfare, Vol.5 pp.175-224, 2001.
5 J. E. Park, J. A. Lee, J. Y. Lee, I. J. Jung, "The influence of attachment on career maturity and career preparation behavior: Focusing on moderating effects of poverty", Korean Journal of Youth Studies, Vol.13 No.3 pp.93-116, 2011.
6 M. S. Ra, The influence of college students' social support, career identity and career barriers on career preparation behavior. Master's Thesis, Chungbuk National University of Korea, 2017.
7 J. H. Choi, Qualitative research on the maladjustment of school life in North Korean defectors. Master's Thesis, Inha University of Korea, 2011.
8 M. S. Kim, D. H. Lee, "Adaption of North Korean adolescent refugees to South Korean society: A review of literature", The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Psychology, Vol.20 No.1 pp.39-64, 2013.
9 S. C. Rhu, S. K. Kim, Y. O. Lee, " The development of career training curriculum for North Korean defector students", Korean Education Inquiry, Vol.35 No.1 pp.47-70, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22327/kei.2017.35.1.047   DOI
10 K. S. Ahn, " A study on the plan for supporting adolescents defecting from North Korean for their adjustment in South Korea society", Korean Journal of Youth Studies, Vol.17 No.4 pp.25-45, 2010.
11 J. Y. Na, "Family disorganization in the North Korean refugee adolescent's oral life story and trauma", Journal of Konkuk University Humanities Reseach Institute, Vol.60 pp.97-133, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21185/jhu.2014.12.60.97
12 T. J. Lee, D. H. Kim, S. S. Yoon, In-depth study of North Korean defectors outside the school. Seoul: Korea Educational Development Institute, 2010.
13 R. C. Hoersting, S. R. Jenkins, "No place to call home: Cultural homelessness, self-esteem and cross-cultural identities", International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Vol.35 No.1 pp.17-30, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.11.005   DOI
14 Y. A. Cho, "The experiences of child reunification among North Korean women in South Korea", Korean Journal Of Counseling And Psychotherapy, Vol.24 No.1 pp.197-222, 2012.
15 Y. S. Shim, H. J. Kim, "The problems and solutions in the adjustment of North Korean refugee youths to South Korean society", Journal of North Korean Studies, Vol.40 pp.36-66, 2015.
16 Y. S. Park, A study on the characteristics of social support and social adjustment of North Korean refugee adolescents in South Korea. Doctoral Thesis, Seoul Women's University of Korea, 2006.
17 S. Cobb, "Social support as a moderator of life stress", Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol.38 No.5 pp.300-314, 1976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-197609000-00003   DOI
18 W. S. Lee, Social network and social support theory. Seooul: Hongikje, 1995.
19 H. J. Ahn, M. K. Jung, "Longitudinal analysis of the effects of self concept, social support on career maturity mediated by self efficacy using youth panel survey", The Korea Educational Review, Vol.21 No.3 pp.297-303, 2015.
20 M. S. Cho, K. S. Choi, "A model testing on ego-identity, social Support, career decision-making self efficacy, career maturity, and career preparation behavior in late adolescence", Korea Journal of Counseling, Vol.8 No.3 pp.1085-1099, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.8.3.200709.1085   DOI
21 M. N. Jung, J. E. Rho, "A meta-analysis on the variables related with adolescents' career maturity", Studies on Korean Youth, Vol.27 No.3 pp.133-162, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14816/sky.2016.27.3.133   DOI
22 J. U. Kim, H. H. Kim, "The influences of social support and career decision-making self-efficacy on career preparation behavior of college students", The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, Vol.16 pp.797-814, 2016.
23 H. J. Park, B. W. Kim, "The relationships among psychological independence, career decision level, and career preparation behavior in high school students", Korean Journal Of Counseling And Psychotherapy, Vol.18 No.2 pp.419-439, 2006.
24 J. M. Lee, B. R. "Structural relationships among creative personality, university supporting, career maturity, career preparation behavior of university students", The Journal of Creativity Education, Vol.15 pp.41-59, 2015.
25 K. U. Park, K. H. Lee, "Effect of career decision-making autonomy on career preparation behaviors mediated by career self-efficacy", Korean Journal Of Counseling And Psychotherapy, Vol.19 No.2 pp.409-422, 2007.
26 M. J. Ju, J. N. Kim, "The effect of anxiety and career self-efficacy on career preparation behavior of the university students", Journal of Humanities Research Institute, Vol.27 pp.157-174, 2011.
27 J. Y. Park, "The influence of youth's resilience and social support on self-efficacy regarding career decision-making and career attitude maturity", Journal of School Social Work, Vol.42 pp.187-208, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20993/jssw.42.9   DOI
28 R. S. Weiss, "The provisions of social relationships", Doing Unto Others, pp.17-26, 1974.
29 B. H. Kaplan, J. C. Cassel, S. Gore, "Social support and health", Medical Care, Vol.15 No.5 pp.47-58, 1997.
30 S. Cohen, H. M. Hoberman, "Positive events and social supports as buffers of life change stress", Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol.13 No.2 pp.99-125, 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb02325.x   DOI
31 S. J. Kim, J. J. Lee, "The effect of career barriers and career decision-making self-efficacy on the career preparation behavior: For middle school and high school and specialized high school students", The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Psychology, Vol.20 No.1 pp.119-136, 2013.
32 H. K. Lee, H. W. Kim, E. A. Kim, "The effects of parents-children relationship, peer relationship, and self-efficacy on career maturity and career preparation behavior among high school students", Journal of Korean Association of Youth Welfare, Vol.15 No.2 pp.443-466, 2013.
33 Y. S. Park, "A study on characteristics of social support and social adjustment of North Korean refugee adolescents in South Korea", Forum For Youth Culture, Vol.19 No.1 pp.79-117, 2008.
34 C. Y. Yoon, K. A. Kim, "The effect of academic motivation, career decision level and career preparation behavior on school satisfaction of meister high school students", Korean Journal of Thinking Development, Vol.13 No.1 pp.69-91, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25152/ser.2016.64.2.393
35 M. J. Kim, "Effect of career barrier on college students' career preparation behavior: The mediating effect of career self-regulation", The Journal of Career Education Research, Vol.29 No.2 pp.89-107, 2016.
36 N. Lin, "Conceptualizing social support", In Social Support, Life Events, and Depression, pp.17-30, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-450660-2.50008-2
37 M. Barrera, "Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models", American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol.14 No.4 pp.413-445, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00922627   DOI
38 P. A. Thoits, "Social support as coping assistance", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol.54 No.4 pp.416-423, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.54.4.416   DOI
39 J. W. Park, A study on the development of social support scale. Doctoral Thesis, Yeonsei University of Korea, 1985.
40 H. K. Lim, Y. S. Kang, "The perceived influence of career decision-making self-efficacy on career preparation behavior by adolescents with disabilities in transition period", The Journal of Special Children Education, Vol.17 No.2 pp.211-236, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21075/kacsn.2015.17.4.211   DOI
41 H. J. Hwang, A Study on the influence of adolescent self-identity and career decision-making self-efficacy on career preparation behavior: Focusing on the moderating effects of social support. Master's Thesis, Catholic Kwandong University of Korea, 2016.
42 N. E. Betz, K. K. Voyten, "Efficacy and outcome expectations influence career exploration and decidedness", The Career Development Quarterly, Vol.46 No.2 pp.179-189, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb01004.x   DOI
43 H. S. Sonh, H. Y. Hong, "The influence of social support, career decision-making autonomy on career preparation behaviors: The mediating effect of career decision-making self-efficacy", Korea Journal of Counseling, Vol.11 No.3 pp.1325-1350, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.11.3.201009.1325   DOI
44 J H. Park, M. Y. Hwang, "The moderating effects of self identity on the relationship between carrier barrier and career preparation behavior in school dropout adolescents", Korean Journal of Youth Studies, Vol.24 No.3 pp.1-24, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21509/kjys.2017.03.24.3.1   DOI
45 H. Y. Kang, "Verification relationship among psychological separation, career decision-making self-efficacy and career preparation for physical education high school students", Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, Vol.66 pp.471-481, 2016.   DOI
46 S. H. Cho, Y. S. Kim, "The effect of youth participation behavior on career preparation behavior: Focusing on mediation effect of career decision self-efficacy", Journal of Digital Convergence, Vol.15 No.12 pp.605-613, 2017.   DOI
47 R. C. Chope, "Influence of the Family in Career Decision-Making", Career Planning and Adult Development Journal, Vol.17 No.2 pp.54-64, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705277913
48 S. H. Han, The relationship among social support, career attitude maturity, and career indecision of university students. Master's Thesis, Hongik University of Korea, 2003.
49 N. E. Betz, G. Hackett, "Applications of self-efficacy theory to understanding career choice behavior", Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol.4 No.3 pp.279-289, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1986.4.3.279   DOI
50 J. Y. Kim, K. H. Choi, J. H. Chae, H. J. Hwang, "Life Stress, Social Support and Suicidal Ideation of North Korean Refugee Women in South Korea", Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies, Vol.44 No.2 pp.33-56, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16999/kasws.2013.44.2.33
51 E. K. Lee, A study on the effect of self-efficacy upon the career development. Doctoral Thesis, Ewha Women's University of Korea, 2001.
52 K. M. Taylor, N. E. Betz, "Applications of self-efficacy theory to the understanding and treatment of career indecision", Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol.22 No.3 pp.63-81, 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(83)90006-4   DOI
53 E. Y. Heo, H. Y. Kang, "A comparison of career maturity and career self-efficacy of North Korean adolescent refugees' and South Korean adolescents'", Korea Journal of Counseling, Vol.8 No.4 pp.1485-1500, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.8.4.200712.1485   DOI
54 S. L. Kim, The influence of parent support, career dicision-making self-efficasy and dysfunctional career thoughts on adolescents' career development. Doctoral Thesis, Hongik University of Korea, 2005.
55 H. K. Kim, The concern analysis according to gender and school year of college students on career maturity inventory and career preparation behavior. Master's Thesis, Jeonju University of Korea, 2002.
56 R. M. Baron, D. A. Kenny, "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.51 No.6 pp.1173-1189, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173   DOI
57 S. J. Lee, O. K. Cho, "The effect of social support on high school-students' career preparation behavior: The role of career decision-making self- efficacy as a mediator", Journal of Educational Research Institute, Kyung Nam University, Vol.22 pp.3-18, 2012.
58 M. E. Procidano, K. Heller, "Measures of perceived social support from friends and from family: Three validation studies", American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol.11 No.1 pp.1-24, 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00898416   DOI
59 M. J. Ryu, A. K. Choi, "A study on the effect of career barriers, career decision-making self-efficacy on career preparation behavior", The Journal of Business Education, Vol.19 pp.129-153, 2008.
60 E. K. Lee, M. S. Han, "Today's youth, are you happy?: A study on the factors related to happiness of boys", Proceedings in Kirean Association of Youth Welfare, pp.71-99, 2007.
61 J. E. Ryu, J. C. Jung, "An integrative review and practical implications of career compromise in youth", The Journal of Career Education Research, Vol.30 No.3 pp.25-48, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32341/jcer.2017.09.30.3.25   DOI
62 N. E. Betz, G. Hackett, "The relationship of career-related self-efficacy expectations to perceived career options in college women and men", Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol.28 No.5 pp.399-412, 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0167.28.5.399   DOI
63 A. Bandura, "Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change", Psychological Review, Vol.84 No.2 pp.191-215, 1977. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191   DOI
64 R. W. Lent, G. Hackett, "Career self-efficacy: Empirical status and future directions", Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol.30 No.3 pp.347-382, 1987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(87)90010-8   DOI
65 N. E. Betz, D. A. Luzzo, "Career assessment and the career decision-making self-efficacy scale", Journal of Career Assessment, Vol.4 No.4 pp.413-428, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/106907279600400405   DOI
66 J. W. Kim, J. S. Kim, K, S, Kang, B. R. Yeon, North Korean youth education white paper. Seoul: Korea Educational Development Institute, 2015.
67 E. B. Gil, S. H. Moon, "The policy implications and problems on social adjustment of North Korean youths in South Korea", Korean Journal of Youth Studies, Vol.10 No.4 pp.163-186, 2003.
68 B. W. Kim, K. H. Kim, "Career decision level and career preparation behavior of the college students", Korean Journal Of Counseling And Psychotherapy, Vol.9 No.1 pp.311-333, 1997.
69 Y. S. Jeon, H. Y. Kang, "Career barriers, career decisions making self-efficacy and career decisions making levels for North Korean females refugees: Compared with South Korean females", The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, Vol.14 No.3 pp.409-425, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18205/kpa.2009.14.3.006   DOI
70 S. D. Brown, L. Heath, "Coping with critical life events: An integrative cognitive-behavioral model for research and practice", Handbook of Counseling Psychology, pp.545-578, 1984.
71 J. K. Lee, Employment preparation behavior of the college students: Focused on the psychological differences and individual backgrounds. Doctoral Thesis, Seoul National University of Korea, 2004.
72 R. C. Chope, "Qualitatively assessing family influence in career decision making", Journal of Career Assessment, Vol.13 No.4 pp.395-414, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705277913   DOI
73 H. J. Kim, Y. O. Jang, " The mediating effects of the career decision-making self efficacy on the relation between the social support and the career preparation behavior in the technical high school students", Korean Journal of Youth Studies, Vol.18 No.7 pp.1-32, 2011.
74 M. S. Koh. Mediating effect of career identity on the relationship between social support and career preparation behavior of college students. Mater's Thesis, Korea University of Korea, 2014.
75 H. Y. Lee, The mediating effects of career decisionmaking self-efficacy on relationship between social support and career preparation behavior in college students. Mater's Thesis, Inha University of Korea, 2017.