Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2018.19.6.465

Predictors of Positive Changes in Children with Divorced Parents: Focused on Moderating Effects of Family Incomes  

Choi, Hyo-Sik (Department of Education, Chuncheon National University of Education)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society / v.19, no.6, 2018 , pp. 465-475 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore predictors of positive changes in children with divorced parents and to demonstrate the structural path among the perceived experience of social discrimination, parenting difficulties, parent-child communication, and internet use of children that related to positive changes based on family incomes. The subjects for this study were 1,114 single parents from divorced families sourced from a study on the status of single-parent families in 2015. The results of this study by using the structural equation model of the moderating effect verification with family incomes and multi group analysis are as follows. First, single-parent's perceived experience of social discrimination turned had a significant positive effect on parenting difficulties( =.354) and children's internet use ( =.234). Single-parent's perceived parenting difficulties also had a significant positive effect on children's internet use ( =.440) but a significant negative effect on both parent-child communication( =.192) and positive changes of children( =.218). Interestingly, internet use of children demonstrated a significant negative effect on their positive changes. Second, parent-child communication, parenting difficulties, and children's internet use had a negative mediating effect with the relationship where single-parent's perceived experience of social discrimination had an effect on positive changes of children( =.167). Second, between the family groups based on family incomes, there was no statistically significant difference in the structural relationship. Based on these results, this study presented a practical proposal to help single parents not experience social discrimination and to help decrease the internet use of children to improve positive changes.
Keywords
Perceived experience of social discrimination; Parenting difficulties; Parent-child communication; Problematic internet use; Positive changes;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 H. J. Seok, "A qualitative case study on the experience of internet game addiction adolescent in the family environment", Korean Journal of Qualitative Research in Social Welfare, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 93-124, 2016.
2 K. S. Kim, J. H. Kim, "A study on adolescents' level of Internet addiction by their perceived relationships with parents", Korean Journal of Human Ecology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 15-25, 2003.
3 Potter, D., "Psychosocial well-being and the relationship between divorce and children's academic achievement", Journal of Marriage and Family, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 933-946, 2010. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00740.x   DOI
4 Luecken, L. J., Hagan, M. J., Wolchik, S. A., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J-Y., "A longitudinal study of the effects of child-reported maternal warmth on cortisol stress response 15 years after parental divorce", Psychosomatic Medicine, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 163-170, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000251   DOI
5 Veinberg, I., "Emotional awareness-The key to dealing appropriately with children of divorced families in schools", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 209, pp. 514-518, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.281   DOI
6 Kelly, J., Emery, R., "Children's adjustment following divorce: Risk and resilience perspectives", Family Relations, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 352-362, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2003.00352.x   DOI
7 Amato, P. R., "Children of divorce in the 1990s: An update of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta-analysis", Journal of Family Psychology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 355-370, 2001. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.15.3.355   DOI
8 Conger, R. D., Chao, W., Adolescent depressed mood, In R. L. Simons (Ed.), "Understanding differences between divorced and intact families: Stress, interaction, and child outcome", pp. 157-175, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996.
9 Fornell, C., Larcker, D., "Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error", Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 39-50, 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312   DOI
10 Lansford, J. E., Malone, P. S., Castellino, D. R., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., "Trajectories of internalizing, externalizing, and grades for children who have and have not experienced their parents' divorce or separation", Journal of Family Psychology, vol. 20, pp. 292-301, 2006. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.2.292   DOI
11 Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., Tatham, R., "Multivariant data analysis (6th ed.)", Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2006.
12 H. S. Kim, E. H. Kim, "The experience of mother as divorced single-parent heads of family: The experiences from the crisis of life", Crisisonomy, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 219-242, 2010.
13 Robbers, S., van Oort, F., Huizink, A., Verhulst, F., van Beijsterveldt, C., Boomsma, D., Bartels, M., "Childhood problem behavior and parental divorce: Evidence for gene-environment interaction", Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 1539-1548, 2012. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0470-9   DOI
14 J. R. Kim, H. S. Kim, "The effect of variables on depression of single parents family householder - Focusing on parental gender difference -", Journal of family Relations, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 143-160, 2014.
15 J. H. Kim, "Impoverishment of unprivileged divorcees: Their social exclusion experience in family and labor market", Korean Journal of Family Social Work, vol. 38, pp. 69-102, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2012.33.2.69
16 M. J. Seo, E. S. Choi, "The effects of maternal depression on maternal parenting stress among mothers with young children: A focus on the moderating effects of mother's and father's perceived fatherly involvement in child rearing", Early Childhood Education Research & Review, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 575-594, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/G704-000814.2016.20.5.026
17 K. J. Um, C. Y. Yun, "The effect of parent-adolescent communication and conversation time on problem behaviors of male middle school students", Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 595-615, 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2017.17.9.595
18 J. J. Park, "Examination of the relationship between private tutoring and its subjective effect by autoregressive cross-lagged model: Multi-group analysis across income", The Journal of Educational Administration, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 149-168, 2011.
19 K. R. Park, H. S. Choi, E. M. Yeon, "An analysis of structural relationship among positive parenting attitudes, attitudes toward science, science inquiry skills, and science achievements perceived by middle school students", Journal of the Korean Association for Science Education, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 669-677, 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14697/jkase.2017.37.4.669   DOI
20 Martens, M. P., "The use of structural equation modeling in counseling psychology research", The Counseling Psychologist, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 269-298, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000005274598   DOI
21 I. H. Choi, J. Y. Kim, "Effects of adolescent empathy on maternal parenting behaviors and adolescent problem behaviors", Family and Family Therapy, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 81-102, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21479/kaft.2013.21.1.81   DOI
22 S. H. Jeong, "The relative effects of parenting behaviors on emotional problems in elementary, middle, and high school students", Korean Journal of Youth Studies, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 119-144, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21509/KJYS.2016.06.23.6.119   DOI
23 Wolchik, S. A., Wilcox, K. L., Tein, J. Y., Sandler, I. N., "Maternal acceptance and consistency of discipline as buffers of divorce stressors on children's psychological adjustment problems", Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 87-102, 2000. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005178203702   DOI
24 H. S. Pyun, J. K. Choi, "The associations among poor single mothers' economic hardship, depressive symptoms, parenting stress, child abuse and neglect, and their children's development", Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare, vol. 53, pp. 1-23, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/G704-000946.2016..53.002
25 J. E. Ye, "The effect of discrimination experiences on self-rated health and depression among married immigrant women: The effect of social support", Unpublished master's thesis, Seoul national university, Seoul, 2017.
26 Pascoe, E. A., Smart Richman, L., "Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review", Psychological Bulletin, vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 531-554, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016059   DOI
27 Breaux, R. P., Harvey, E. A., Lugo-Candelas, C. I., "The role of parent psychopathology in the development of preschool children with behavior problems", Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 777-790, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.836451   DOI
28 Goodman, S., Rouse, M., Connell, A., Broth, M., Hall, C., Heyward, D., "Maternal depression and child psychopathology: A meta-analytic review", Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-27, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-010-0080-1   DOI
29 A. R. Kim, Y. R. Tak, "Exploring psycho-social determinants to child neglect and abuse among caregivers with young children", Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 81-94, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.1.81   DOI
30 Amato, P. R., "Children's adjustment to divorce: Theories, hypotheses, and empirical support", Journal of Marriage and the Family, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 23-38, 1993. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/352954   DOI
31 J. S. Kim, "The influences of paternal depression, self-esteem, and parenting stress on child's self-control: With mediation of warm parental behavior", Korean Journal of Child Care and Education Policy, vol. 11, no. 1, 29-49, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21213/kjcec.2017.17.1.29
32 Kelleher, R. T., Shanahan, L., Calkins, S. D., Keane, S. P., O'Brien, M., "Parenting stress, parental reactions, and externalizing behavior from ages 4 to 10", Journal of Marriage and Family, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 388-406, 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12163   DOI
33 Chae. S., "Parental divorce and children's schooling in rural Malawi", Demography, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1743-1770, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0521-7   DOI
34 Whiteside, M. F., Becker, B. J., "Parental factors and the young child's postdivorce adjustment: A meta-analysis with implications for parenting arrangements", Journal of Family Psychology, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 5-26, 2000. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.14.1.5   DOI
35 Laumann-Billings, L., Emery, R. E., "Distress among young adults from divorced families", Journal of Family Psychology, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 671-687, 2000. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.14.4.671   DOI
36 Ni, X., Yan, H., Chen, S., Liu, Z., "Factors influencing internet addiction in a sample of freshmen university students in China", Cyberpsychology and Behavior, vol. 12, pp. 327-330, 2009. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0321   DOI
37 Conger, R. D., Conger, K. J., Martin, M. J., "Socioeconomic status, family processes, and individual development", Journal of Marriage and Family, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 685-704, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00725.x   DOI
38 Weaver, J. M., Schofield, T. J., "Mediation and moderation of divorce effects on children's behavior problems", Journal of Family Psychology, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 39-48, 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fam0000043   DOI
39 https://mdis.kostat.go.kr/extract/extSurvSearchByDate.do?extcTypeDivCD=E&curMenuNo=UI_POR_P1070
40 West, S. G., Finch, J. F., Curran, P. J., Structural equation models with non-normal variables: Problems and remedies, In R. Hoyle (Ed.), "Structural equation modeling: concept, issues and applications", pp. 56-75, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1995.
41 Li, W., Garland, E. I., Howard, M. O., "Family factors in internet addiction among Chinese youth: A review of English- and Chinese-language studies", Computer and Human Behaviors, vol. 31, pp. 392-411, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.11.004
42 S. E. Park, S. A. Lim, "Meta-analysis on predictors of internet addiction", Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 497-534, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17286/KJEP.2016.30.3.02   DOI
43 Anderson, E. L., Steen, E., Stavropoulos, V., "Internet use and problematic internet use: A systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthood", International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 430-454, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2016.1227716   DOI
44 Ko, C. H., Liu, T. L., Wang, P. W., Chen, C. S., Yen, C. F., Yen, J. Y., "The exacerbation of depression, hostility, and social anxiety in the course of internet addiction among adolescents: A prospective study", Comprehensive Psychiatry, vol. 55, no, 6, pp. 1377-1384, 2014. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.05.003   DOI
45 Mei, S., Yau, Y. H. C., Chai, J., Guo, J., Potenza, M. N., "Problematic internet use, well-being, self-esteem and self-control: Data from a high-school survey in China", Addictive Behaviors, vol. 61, pp. 74-79, 2016. DOI: http://10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.05.009   DOI
46 H. J. Lee, S. K. Kim, S. M. Cheon, "Meta-analysis on the relationship of parent-child relationship variable to youth internet and smartphone addiction", The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Psychology, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 329-348, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/G704-SER000009521.2016.23.2.007
47 Wartberg, L., Kriston, R., Bröning, S., Kegel, K., Thomasius, R., "Adolescent problematic internet use: Is a parental rating suitable to estimate prevalence and identify familial correlates?", Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 67, pp. 233-239, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.10.029   DOI
48 Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y., "On the evaluation of structural equation models", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 74-94, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327   DOI