Browse > Article

Liquid-Liquid Extraction General Principles - A Review  

Lee, Jin-Young (Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources)
Kumar, Jyothi Rajesh (Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources)
Publication Information
Resources Recycling / v.18, no.6, 2009 , pp. 3-9 More about this Journal
Abstract
The present review paper deals the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) general principles and the basic fundamentals, general process of LLE followed by the importance of LLE reagents. LLE is a process of transferring a chemical compound from one liquid phase to a second liquid phase, immiscible with the first. In analytical chemistry, this method enjoys a favored position among separation techniques because of its simplicity, speed and wide scope. By utilizing apparatus no more complicated than a separatory funnel and requiring several minutes at most to perform, extraction procedures offer much to the analytical chemist.
Keywords
solvent extraction; liquid-liquid extraction; General principles; review;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 K. H. Park, B. R. Reddy, S. H. Jung, D. Mohapatra, 2006: Transfer of cobalt and nickel from sulphate solutions to spent electrolyte through solvent extraction and stripping, Separation and Purification Technology, 51, 265-271   DOI   ScienceOn
2 D. K. Singh, H. Singh, J. N. Mathur, 2006: Extraction of rare earths and yttrium with high molecular weight carboxylic acids, Hydrometallurgy, 81, 174-181   DOI   ScienceOn
3 B. G. Meyburgh, 1970: The design, erection and operation of a Purlex plant at Buffelsfontein Gold Mining Company, J. South African Inst. Min. Metall., 71, 55-66
4 N. B. Devi, K. C. Nathsarma and V. Chakravortty, 1994:Sodium salts of D2EHPA, PC-88A and Cyanex-272 and their mixtures as extractants for cobalt(II), Hydrometallurgy, 34, 331-342   DOI   ScienceOn
5 N. V. Thakur and S. L. Mishra, 1998: Separation of Co, Ni and Cu by solvent extraction using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphonic acid, PC 88A, Hydrometallurgy, 48, 277-289   DOI   ScienceOn
6 S. V. Bandekar and P. M. Dhadke, 1998: Solvent extraction separation of tin (IV) with 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (PC-88A), Talanta, 46, 1181-1186   DOI   ScienceOn
7 N. B. Devi, K. C. Nathsarma and V. Chakravortty, 2000: Separation of divalent manganese and cobalt ions from sulphate solutions using sodium salts of D2EHPA, PC 88A and Cyanex 272, Hydrometallurgy, 54, 117-131   DOI   ScienceOn
8 J. P. Simonin, H. Hendrawan, F. Dardoize and G. Clodic, 2003: Study of salt effects on the kinetics of extraction of cobalt(II) and zinc(II) at trace level by D2EHPA in ndodecane, Hydrometallurgy, 69, 23-38   DOI   ScienceOn
9 P. E. Tsakiridis and S. Agatzini-Leonardou, 2004: Process for the recovery of cobalt and nickel in the presence of magnesium from sulphate solutions by Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 302, Minerals Engineering, 17, 913-923   DOI   ScienceOn
10 W. A. Rickelton and R. J. Boyle, 1990: The selective recovery of zinc with new thiophosphinic acids, Solv.Extr. IonExch., 8, 783-797   DOI
11 F. Bunus and P. Dumitrescu, 1986: Uranium(VI) extraction from acid mixtures with organophosphorus esters, Hydro metallurgy, 16, 167-175   DOI   ScienceOn
12 N. B. Devi, K. C. Nathsarma and V. Chakravortty, 1998: Separation and recovery of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) from sulphate solutions using sodium salts of D2EHPA, PC 88A and Cyanex 272, Hydrometallurgy, 49, 47-61   DOI   ScienceOn
13 K. Sarangi, B. R. Reddy and R. P. Das, 1999: Extraction studies of cobalt (II) and nickel (II) from chloride solutions using Na-Cyanex 272.: Separation of Co(II)/Ni(II) by the sodium salts of D2EHPA, PC88A and Cyanex 272 and their mixtures, Hydrometallurgy, 52, 253-265   DOI   ScienceOn
14 F. Principe and G. P. Demopoulos, 2004: Comparative study of iron(III) separation from zinc sulphate–sulphuric acid solutions using the organophosphorus extractants, OPAP and D2EHPA: Part I: Extraction Hydrometallurgy, 74, 93-102   DOI
15 D. Pouillon and F. M. Doyle, 1988: Solvent extraction of metals with carboxylic acids-Theoretical analysis of extraction behaviour, Hydrometallurgy, 19, 269-288   DOI   ScienceOn
16 A. Sandhibigraha, P. V. R. Bhaskara Sarma and V. Chakravortty, 1996: Solvent extraction of iron (III) from aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions using D2EHPA, PC- 88A, cyanex-272 and their mixtures, Scandinavian J. Metallurgy, 25, 135-140   ScienceOn
17 American Cyanamid Company, 1982: Technical Bulletinon Co-Ni separation using Cyanex272 extractant
18 O. M. El-Hussaini, M. A. El-Hakam Mahdy, 2001: Extraction of Niobium and Tantalum from Nitrate and Sulfate Media by Using MIBK, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 22, 633-650   DOI   ScienceOn
19 C. Y. Cheng, 2006: Solvent extraction of nickel and cobalt with synergistic systems consisting of carboxylic acid and aliphatic hydroxyoxime, Hydrometallurgy, 84, 109-117   DOI   ScienceOn
20 C. Bozec, J. M. Demarthe and L. Gandon, 1974: Proc. Int. Solv. Extr. Conf., Lyon, Pub. Soc. Chem. Ind., London, 1201
21 R. A. Kumbasar, 2009: Selective extraction and concentration of cobalt from acidic leach solution containing cobalt and nickel through emulsion liquid membrane using PC-88A as extractant, Separation and Purification Technology, 64, 273-279   DOI   ScienceOn
22 E. M. Peligot, 1872: Recherches Surl' uranium, Ann. chim. phys. 5, 5-47
23 M. Berthelot and J. Jungfleisch, 1872: Sur les lois qui president ou partage d'nn corps entre deue dissolvants(experiences), Ann. chim. phys., 26, 396-396
24 K. Saji John, T. Prasada Rao, T. R. Ramamohan and M. L. P. Reddy, 1999: Solvent extraction of tetravalent titanium from acidic chloride solutions by 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester, Hydrometallurgy, 53, 245- 253   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Z. Kolarik and H. Pankova, 1966: Acidic organophosphorus extractants—I Extraction of lanthanides by means of dialkyl phosphoric acids—effect of structure and size of alkyl group, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 28, 2325-2333   DOI   ScienceOn
26 R. R. Swanson and D. W. Agers, 1964: A new reagent for the extraction of Copper, Present edat the AIME meeting, NewYork
27 P. V. R. Bhaskara Sarma and B. R. Reddy, 2002: Liquid–liquid extraction of nickel at macro-level concentration from sulphate/chloride solutions using phosphoric acid based extractants, Minerals Engineering, 15, 461-464   DOI   ScienceOn
28 K. S. John, T. P. Rao, T. R. Ramamohan, M. L. P. Reddy, 1999: Solvent extraction of tetravalent titanium from acidic chloride solutions by 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono- 2-ethylhexyl ester, Hydrometallurgy, 53, 245-253   DOI   ScienceOn
29 G. M. Ritcy, 1975: Recovery of copper from concentrated solutions by solvent extraction using Kelex 100, presented at the 2nd Annual Meeting, Canadian Hydromet. Sec. of Metall. Soc. of CIMM, Montreal, 1972, CIMBull., 66, 75
30 D. R. Spink and D. N. Okuhara, 1973: International Symposium on Hydrometallurgy, Eds., D.J.I. Evans, R.S.Shoemaker, Pub. By AIME, NewYork, 497
31 B. R. Reddy, Chinmay Parija and P. V. R. Bhaskara Sarma, 1999: Processing of solutions containing nickel and ammonium sulphate through solvent extraction using PC- 88A, Hydrometallurgy, 53, 11-17   DOI   ScienceOn
32 J. D. Miller and M. C. Fuerstenau, 1970: Met.Trans., 1, 2531-2535
33 G. M. Ritcey and A. W. Ashbrook, 1984: Solvent Extraction Principles and Applications to Process Metallurgy Part I, Elsevier, Amsterdam
34 M. L. P. Reddy, J. Saji, 2003: Solvent extraction of tetravalent titanium with organophosphorus extractants, Minerals Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 23, 199-227   DOI   ScienceOn
35 C. J. Lewis and J. E. House, 1960: The Recovery of Molybdenum by LLE from Uranium Mill Circutes, Presented at AIME Meeting, NewYork
36 N. M. Rice, 1978: Recent developments and potential uses for carboxylic acid extractants —A review, Hydrometallurgy, 3, 111-133   DOI   ScienceOn
37 P. E. Tsakiridis and S. L. Agatzini, 2004: Process for the recovery of cobalt and nickel in the presence of magnesium and calcium from sulphate solutions by Versatic 10 and Cyanex 272, Minerals Engineering, 17, 535-543   DOI   ScienceOn
38 M. L. P. Reddy, T. Prasada Rao and A. D. Damodaram, 1995: Liquid-Liquid Extraction Processes for the Separation and Purification of Rare Earths, Minerals Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 12, 91-113   DOI
39 N. V. Thakur, 1998: Extraction studies of base metals (Mn, Cu, Co and Ni) using the extractant 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid, PC 88A, Hydrometallurgy, 48, 125-131   DOI   ScienceOn
40 M. D. Lanagan and D. C. Ibana, 2003: The solvent extraction and stripping of chromium with Cyanex${\circledR}$272, Minerals Engineering, 16, 237-245   DOI   ScienceOn
41 G. G. Krishna, R. S. Reddy, P. Raghunath, K. Bhanuprakash, M. L. Kantam, B. M. Choudary, 2004: A Computational Study of Ligand Interactions with Hafnium and Zirconium Metal Complexes in the Liquid-Liquid Extraction Process, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 108, 6112-6120   DOI   ScienceOn
42 K. Takeshita, K. Watanabe, Y. Nakano and M. Watanabe, 2003: Solvent extraction separation of Cd(II) and Zn(II) with the organophosphorus extractant D2EHPA and the aqueous nitrogen-donor ligand TPEN, Hydrometallurgy, 70, 63-71   DOI   ScienceOn
43 W. Nernst, 1891: Z. Phys. Chem., 8, 110-139
44 S. G. Sarkar and P. M. Dhadke, 1999: Solvent extraction separation of antimony(III) and bismuth(III) with bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 302), Separation and Purification Technology, 15, 131-138   DOI   ScienceOn