Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2020.26.4.393

Prospective Diary Survey of Preschool Children's Social Contact Patterns: A Pilot Study  

Oh, Hyang Soon (Department of Nursing, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University)
Ryu, Mikyung (Department of Nursing, Daegu University)
Publication Information
Child Health Nursing Research / v.26, no.4, 2020 , pp. 393-401 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: This pilot study aimed to describe children's social contact patterns and to analyze factors related to their social contacts. Methods: The participants were 30 children aged ≥13 months to <7 years, whose teachers at childcare centers and parents at home were asked to maintain diaries of their social contacts prospectively for 24 hours. Data were collected from November 30, 2018, to January 7, 2019. Results: The 30 participating children were in contact with 363 persons in a 24-hours period (mean, 12.1±9.1). The number of contacts showed significant relationships with day of the week (p<.001), number of family members/cohabitants (p=.015), area of residence (p=.003), and type of housing (p=.002). A multiple regression model showed significantly higher numbers of contacts on weekdays (B=10.64, p=.010). Physical versus non-physical types of contact showed significant differences in terms of duration, location, and frequency (p<.001). The duration of contacts showed significant relationships with their location and frequency (p<.001), while the frequency of contacts was significantly related to their location (p<.001). Conclusion: This is the first survey describing the characteristics of Korean preschool children's social contacts. Further large-scale social contact studies of children should be conducted.
Keywords
Child; Cross-infection; Social distance; Disease transmission, infectious; Contact tracing;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Mossong J, Hens N, Jit M, Beutels P, Auranen K, Mikolajczyk R, et al. Social contacts and mixing patterns relevant to the spread of infectious diseases. PLoS Medicine. 2008;5(3):e74. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050074   DOI
2 Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MERS) [Internet]. Cheongju-si: Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention; 2018 [cited 2020 August 16]. Available from: http://www.cdc.go.kr/contents.es?mid=a30329000000
3 Oh MD, Park WB, Park SW, Choe PG, Bang JH, Song KH, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome: What we learned from the 2015 outbreak in the Republic of Korea. The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine. 2018;33(2):233-246. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2018.031   DOI
4 King James. Leviticus [Internet]. USA: U.S. Congress; 2007. Chapter 13, The Lawes and tokens wheareby the Priest is to be guided in discerning the Leprosie; [cited 2020 October 6]. Available from: https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/1611_Leviticus-Chapter-13/
5 Roos D. Social distancing and quarantine were used in medieval times to fight the black death [Internet]. New York: History Stories; 2020 [cited 2020 April 29]. Available from: https://www.history.com/news/quarantine-black-death-medieval
6 Leung K, Jit M, Lau EH, Wu JT. Social contact patterns relevant to the spread of respiratory infectious diseases in Hong Kong. Scientific Reports. 2017;7(1):7974. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08241-1   DOI
7 Beraud G, Kazmercziak S, Beutels P, Levy-Bruhl D, Lenne X, Mielcarek N, et al. The French connection: The first large population- based contact survey in France relevant for the spread of infectious diseases. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0133203. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133203   DOI
8 Ajelli M, Litvinova M. Estimating contact patterns relevant to the spread of infectious diseases in Russia. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2017;419:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.01.041   DOI
9 Melegaro A, Jit M, Gay N, Zagheni E, Edmunds WJ. What types of contacts are important for the spread of infections? Using contact survey data to explore European mixing patterns. Epidemics. 2011; 3(3-4):143-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2011.04.001   DOI
10 Kretzschmar M, Mikolajczyk RT. Contact profiles in eight European countries and implications for modelling the spread of airborne infectious diseases. PLoS One. 2009;4(6):e5931 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005931   DOI
11 Ibuka Y, Ohkusa Y, Sugawara T, Chapman GB, Yamin D, Atkins KE, et al. Social contacts, vaccination decisions and influenza in Japan. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health. 2016;70(2): 162-167. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-205777   DOI
12 Hon KL, Leung KKY, Leung AK, Sridhar S, Qian S, Lee SL, et al. Overview: The history and pediatric perspectives of severe acute respiratory syndromes: Novel or just like SARS. Pediatric Pulmonology. 2020;55(7):1584-1591. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24810   DOI
13 Zhai S, Ma Y, Gao Z, He J. Development of interactive biological motion perception in preschoolers and its relation to social competence. Social Development. 2020;29(2):564-577. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12414   DOI
14 McCall RB, Groark CJ, Hawk BN, Julian MM, Merz EC, Rosas JM, et al. Early caregiver-child interaction and children's development: Lessons from the St. Petersburg-USA orphanage intervention research project. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. 2019; 22(2):208-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-018-0270-9   DOI
15 Oh HS, Yang Y, Ryu M. Development of a social contact survey instrument relevant to the spread of infectious disease and its application in a pilot study among Korean adults. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. 2020;53(2):106-116. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.251   DOI
16 Kiti MC, Kinyanjui TM, Koech DC, Munywoki PK, Medley GF, Nokes DJ. Quantifying age-related rates of social contact using diaries in a rural coastal population of Kenya. PLoS One. 2014;9(8): e104786. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104786   DOI
17 Read JM, Lessler J, Riley S, Wang S, Tan LJ, Kwok KO, et al. Social mixing patterns in rural and urban areas of southern China. Proceedings Blogical Sciences. 2014;281(1785):20140268. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0268
18 Oh HS, Ryu M, Park H, Yang Y, Jeong S. Study of the contacts patterns of high-risk groups of infections (children and elderly). Survey Report. Cheongju: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2019. Report No.: 11-1352159-001226-01.
19 Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology. 1975;28(4):563-575.   DOI
20 R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Internet]. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2017 [cited 2019 Februray 14]. Available from: https://www.r-project.org
21 Warnes GR, Bolker B, Bonebakker L, Gentleman R, Huber W, Liaw A, et al. gplots: Various R programming tools for plotting data: R package version 3.0.1.1. [Internet]. Vienna, Austria: CRAN-R Project; 2019 [cited 2019 Februray 14]. Available from: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gplots
22 World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2020 April 29]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public
23 Fu YC, Wang DW, Chuang JH. Representative contact diaries for modeling the spread of infectious diseases in Taiwan. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e45113. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045113   DOI
24 Munasinghe L, Asai Y, Nishiura H. Quantifying heterogeneous contact patterns in Japan: A social contact survey. Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling. 2019;16(1):6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12976-019-0102-8   DOI
25 Grijalva CG, Goeyvaerts N, Verastegui H, Edwards KM, Gil AI, Lanata CF, et al. A household-based study of contact networks relevant for the spread of infectious diseases in the highlands of Peru. PloS one. 2015;10(3):e0118457. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118457   DOI
26 Edmunds WJ, Kafatos G, Wallinga J, Mossong JR. Mixing patterns and the spread of close-contact infectious diseases. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology. 2006;3:10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-7622-3-10   DOI
27 Mikolajczyk RT, Kretzschmar M. Collecting social contact data in the context of disease transmission: Prospective and retrospective study designs. Social Networks. 2008;30(2):127-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2007.09.002   DOI