Clinical Significance of Smudge Cells in Peripheral Blood Smears in Hematological Malignancies and Other Diseases |
Chang, Chih-Chun
(Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital)
Sun, Jen-Tang (Department of Emergency, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital) Liou, Tse-Hsuan (Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital) Kuo, Chin-Fu (Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital) Bei, Chia-Hao (Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital) Lin, Sheng-Jun (Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital) Tsai, Wei-Ting (Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital) Tan, N-Chi (Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital) Liou, Ching-Biau (Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital) Su, Ming-Jang (Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital) Yen, Tzung-Hai (Division of Nephrology and Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital) Chu, Fang-Yeh (Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital) |
1 | Carulli G, Marini A, Baccelli E, et al (2007). Association of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 26, 421-4. |
2 | Go RS (2009). Smudge cells, serum albumin, and prognosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol, 27, 44. DOI |
3 | Gogia A, Raina V, Gupta R, et al (2014). Prognostic and predictive significance of smudge cell percentage on routine blood smear in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk, 14, 514-7 DOI |
4 | Gumprecht F (1986). Leucocytenzerfall in blute bal leukemic und bel sohwaren anamlan. Deutches Archlv Kinlache Medicin, 5, 523-48. |
5 | Heinivaara O (1959). Smudge cells in lymphocytic leukemia. Ann Med Intern Fenn, 48, 69-75. |
6 | Johansson P, Eisele L, Klein-Hitpass L, et al (2010). Percentage of smudge cells determined on routine blood smears is a novel prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res, 34, 892-8. DOI |
7 | Khandelwal A, Seilstad KH, Magro CM (2006). Subclinical chronic lymphocytic leukaemia associated with a 13q deletion presenting initially in the skin: apropos of a case. J Cutan Pathol, 33, 256-9. DOI |
8 | Lunning MA, Zenger VE, Dreyfuss R, et al (2004). Albumin enhanced morphometric image analysis in CLL. Cytometry B Clin Cytom, 57, 7-14. |
9 | Macdonald D, Richardson H, Raby A (2003). Practice guidelines on the reporting of smudge cells in the white blood cell differential count. Arch Pathol Lab Med, 127, 105. |
10 | Mozaheb Z, Hasanzadeh NazarAbadi MH, Aghaee MA (2012). Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and prognostic factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 13, 3009-13. DOI |
11 | Nosanchuk JS (1979). The effect of smudge cells on leukocyte counting--are chamber counts necessary? Am J Clin Pathol, 71, 161-6. DOI |
12 | Nowakowski GS, Lee YK, Bone ND, et al (2005). Proteomic analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells identifies vimentin as a novel prognostic factor for aggressive disease. Blood, 106, 707. |
13 | Nowakowski GS, Hoyer JD, Shanafelt TD, et al (2007). Using smudge cells on routine blood smears to predict clinical outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A universally available prognostic test. Mayo Clin Proc, 82, 449-53. |
14 | Nowakowski GS, Hoyer JD, Shanafelt TD, et al (2009). Percentage of smudge cells on routine blood smear predicts survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol, 27, 1844-9. DOI |
15 | Paydas S (1999). Interesting morphologic finding in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Diagn Cytopathol, 21, 55-6. DOI |
16 | Paydas S (2010). Smudge cells: very old history and new conclusions. Leuk Res, 34, 1680. DOI |
17 | Trajkova S, Cevreska L, Pivkova-Veljanovska A, et al (2013). Multivariable model consisting of clinical and biological markers for time to first treatment in CLL patients: Preliminary results from single centre experience. Prilozi, 34, 39-48. |
18 | Rizzo D, Lotay A, Gachard N, et al (2013). Very low levels of surface CD45 reflect CLL cell fragility, are inversely correlated with trisomy 12 and are associated with increased treatment-free survival. Am J Hematol, 88, 747-53. DOI |
19 | Strati P, Keating MJ, O’Brien SM, et al (2014). Outcomes of first-line treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion. Haematologica, 99, 1350-5. DOI |
20 | Szerafin L, Jakó J, Riskó F, et al (2012). The prognostic value of smudge cells (Gumprecht shadows) in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Orv Hetil, 153, 1732-7. DOI |
21 | Wierda WG, O’Brien S, Wang X, et al (2011). Multivariable model for time to first treatment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol, 29, 4088-95. DOI |
22 | Xu W, Li J, Wu Y, et al (2009). CD38 as a prognostic factor in Chinese patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res, 33, 237-43. DOI |
23 | Zaher A, Elgamal B (2011). Peripheral blood smudge cells percentage in de novo CLL: a comparison with other stablished laboratory prognostic markers. Life Sci J, 8, 239-44. |
![]() |