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http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.5.2061

Growth of Human Colon Cancer Cells in Nude Mice is Delayed by Ketogenic Diet With or Without Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Medium-chain Triglycerides  

Hao, Guang-Wei (Department General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University)
Chen, Yu-Sheng (Department General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University)
He, De-Ming (Department Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University)
Wang, Hai-Yu (Department General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University)
Wu, Guo-Hao (Department General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University)
Zhang, Bo (Department General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University)
Publication Information
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention / v.16, no.5, 2015 , pp. 2061-2068 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: Tumors are largely unable to metabolize ketone bodies for energy due to various deficiencies in one or both of the key mitochondrial enzymes, which may provide a rationale for therapeutic strategies that inhibit tumor growth by administration of a ketogenic diet with average protein but low in carbohydrates and high in fat. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male BALB/C nude mice were injected subcutaneously with tumor cells of the colon cancer cell line HCT116. The animals were then randomly split into three feeding groups and fed either a ketogenic diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and MCT (MKD group; n=12) or lard only (LKD group; n=12) or a standard diet (SD group; n=12) ad libitum. Experiments were ended upon attainment of the target tumor volume of $600mm^3$ to $700mm^3$. The three diets were compared for tumor growth and survival time (interval between tumor cell injection and attainment of target tumor volume). Results: The tumor growth in the MKD and LKD groups was significantly delayed compared to that in the SD group. Conclusions: Application of an unrestricted ketogenic diet delayed tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Further studies are needed to address the mechanism of this diet intervention and the impact on other tumor-relevant parameters such as invasion and metastasis.
Keywords
Ketogenic diet; colon cancer; ${\omega}$-3 fatty acids; MCT; lard;
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