Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.17.7425

Colorectal Cancer in the Arab World - Screening Practices and Future Prospects  

Arafa, Mostafa A (Cancer Research Chair, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University)
Farhat, Karim (Cancer Research Chair, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University)
Publication Information
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention / v.16, no.17, 2015 , pp. 7425-7430 More about this Journal
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates have dropped 30% in the US in the last 10 years among adults ages 50 and older due to the widespread uptake of colonoscopy, yet incidences in the Arab countries have been increasing in the past ten years, albeit with lower figures when compared with developed countries. Lifestyle changes, food consumption patterns and obesity have been observed during the past years where the regular consumption of traditional foods is being replaced with more Western-style and ready-made foods. Most high income countries have implemented population based colorectal cancer screening programs, which aid in decreasing the incidence and mortality of cancer, while these are lacking in most of the Arab world countries due to many cultural and religious barriers to CRC screening as well as lack of high education or familiarity. What is needed is health education to modify risky lifestyle, and to increase motives and enhance positive attitudes towards early screening especially amongst high risk groups in addition to policy designed to encourage healthier living.
Keywords
Colorectal cancer; Arab world; screening; health education; incidence;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Veruttipong D, Soliman AS, Gilbert SF, Blachley et al (2012). Age distribution, polyps, and rectal cancer in the Egyptian population-based cancer registry. World J Gastroenterol, 3997-4003.
2 Waly MI, Arafa MA, Jriesat SB, et al (2012). Folate and vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with colorectal cancer in Jordan. Int J Nutrition, Pharmacol Neurodegenerative Dis, 2, 57-60.   DOI
3 Weyl H, Yackzan S, Ross K, et al (2015). Understanding colorectal screening behaviors and factors associated with screening is a community hospital setting. Clin J Oncol Nurs, 19, 89-93.   DOI
4 WHO (2002). National cancer control programmes, Policies and managerial guidelines, 2nd edition.
5 World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) (2008). Food, nutrition and the prevention of cancer; a global perspective. Washington, DC: American Institute for Cancer Research. 2008.
6 World cancer research Fund International. Colorectal cancer statistics.
7 Ahmed F (2013). Barriers to colorectal cancer screening in the developing world: the view from Pakistan. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther, 4, 83-85.   DOI
8 Alamri F, Saeedi FY, Kassim KA (2014). Dietary and other risk factors for colo-rectal cancer in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Medicine and medical sciences, 5, 222-29.
9 American Society of Clinical Oncology (2003). policy statement update: genetic testing for cancer susceptibility. J Clin Oncol, 21, 2397-406.   DOI
10 Arafa MA, Sallam S and Jeirsat S (2011). Colorectal cancer screening amongst first degree relatives of colon cancer cases in jordan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, 1007-11.
11 Arafa MA, Waly MI, Jriesat S, et al (2011). Dietary and lifestyle characteristics of colorectal cancer in jordan: a case-control study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, 1931-36.
12 Barchana M (2006). Colorectal cancer - Middle East cancer consortium; 2006.
13 Colorectal cancer, Facts & Figures 2014-2016. accessed at http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/documents/document/ acspc-042280.pdf
14 Broderick P, Carvajal-Carmona L, Pittman AM, et al (2007). A genome-wide association study shows that common alleles of SMAD7 influence colorectal cancer risk. Nature Genet, 39, 1315-7.   DOI
15 Carpten JD, Faber AL, Horn C, et al (2007). A transforming mutation in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1 in cancer. Nature, 448, 439-444.   DOI
16 Colon Cancer. Accessed at http://www.cags.org.ae/gme2cancersencolon.pdf
17 Dolatkhah R, Hossein MS, Jabbarpour MB, et al (2015). Colorectal cancer in Iran: molecular epidemiology and screening strategies. J Cancer Epidemiol, 643020.
18 Dragovich T, Tsikitis V (2012). Colon Cancer, Adenocarcinoma; 2012. February [Internet].
19 Drummond JT, Li GM, Longley MJ, et al (1995). Isolation of an hMSH2-p160 heterodimer that restores DNA mismatch repair to tumor cells. Sci. 268, 1909-12.   DOI
20 Farrington SM, Tenesa A, Barnetson R, et al (2005). Germline susceptibility to colorectal cancer due to base-excision repair gene defects. Am J Hum Genet, 77, 112-9.   DOI
21 Fishel R, Lescoe MK, Rao MRS, et al (1993). The human mutator gene homolog MSH2 and its association with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Cell, 75, 1027-38.   DOI
22 Galal O (2003). Nutrition related health patterns in the Middle East. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 12, 337-43.
23 GCC Cancer Registry. ten years cancer Incidence among nationals in GCC States, 1998-2007.
24 Guda K, Moinova H, He J, et al (2009). Inactivating germ-line and somatic mutations in polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 12 in human colon cancers. Proc Nat Acad Sci, 106, 12921-5.   DOI
25 Giovannucci E (2002). Modifiable risk factors for colon cancer. Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 31, 925-43.
26 Goel A and Boland CR (2012). Epigenetics of colorectal cancer. Gastroenterol, 143, 1442-60.   DOI
27 Gozum S, Karayurt O, Kav S, et al (2010). Effectiveness of peer education for breast cancer screening and health beliefs in eastern Turkey. Cancer Nurs, 33, 213-20   DOI
28 Hogan NM, Hanley M, Hogan AM, et al (2015). Awareness and uptake of family screening in patients diagnosed of colorectal cancer at young age. Gastroenterol Res Pract, 194931.
29 Horii A, Han HJ, Sasaki S, et al (1994). Cloning, characterization and chromosomal assignment of the human genes homologous to yeast PMS1, a member of mismatch repair genes. Biochem Biophys Res. Commun, 204, 1257-64.   DOI
30 Ilyas M, Tomlinson IPM, Rowan A, et al (1997). Beta-catenin mutations in cell lines established from human colorectal cancers. Proc Nat Acad Sci, 94, 10330-4.   DOI
31 Kilpivaara O, Alhopuro P, Vahteristo P, et al (2006). CHEK2 I157T associates with familial and sporadic colorectal cancer. J Med Genet, 43, 34.
32 Kinzler KW, Nilbert MC, Vogelstein B, et al (1991). Identification of a gene located at chromosome 5q21 that is mutated in colorectal cancers. Science, 251, 1366-70.   DOI
33 Markowitz S, Wang J, Myeroff L, et al (1995). Inactivation of the type II TGF-beta receptor in colon cancer cells with microsatellite instability. Science, 268, 1336-8.   DOI
34 Leenders M, Leufkens AM, Siersema PD, et al (2014). Plasma and dietary carotenoids and vitamins A, C and E and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Int J Cancer, 135, 2930-9.   DOI
35 Lipkin SM, Wang V, Stoler DL, et al (2001). Germline and somatic mutation analyses in the DNA mismatch repair gene MLH3: evidence for somatic mutation in colorectal cancers. Hum. Mutat, 17, 389-96.   DOI
36 Liu W, Dong X, Mai M, et al (2000). Mutations in AXIN2 cause colorectal cancer with defective mismatch repair by activating beta-catenin/TCF signalling. Nature Genet, 26, 146-7.   DOI
37 Misale, S, Yaeger R, Hobor S, et al (2012). Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer. Nature, 486, 532-6.   DOI
38 Missaoui N, Jaidaine L , Ben Abdelkader A, et al (2011). Colorectal Cancer in Central Tunisia: Increasing Incidence Trends over a 15-Year Period. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, 1073-6.
39 Musaiger AO, Miladi S (2001). Food consumption patterns and dietary habits in the Arab countries of Gulf. 2001; FAO/RNE, UAE University, Al-Ain UAE.
40 Nicolaides NC, Kinzler KW and Vogelstein B (1995). Analysis of the 5-prime region of PMS2 reveals heterogeneous transcripts and a novel overlapping gene. Genomics, 29, 329-34.   DOI
41 Nishisho I, Nakamura Y, Miyoshi Y, et al (1991). Mutations of chromosome 5q21 genes in FAP and colorectal cancer patients. Science, 253, 665-9.   DOI
42 Rajagopalan H, Bardelli A, Lengauer C, et al (2002). RAF/RAS oncogenes and mismatch-repair status. (Letter) Nature, 418, 934.   DOI
43 Paasche-Orlow MK and Wolf MS (2007). The causal pathways linking health literacy to health outcomes. Am J Health Behav, 31, 19-26.   DOI
44 Papadopoulos N, Nicolaides NC, Wei YF, et al (1994). Mutation of a mutL homolog in hereditary colon cancer. Science, 263, 1625-9.   DOI
45 Qumseya BJ, Tayem YI, Dasa OY, et al (2014). Barriers to colorectal cancer screening in Palestine: a national study in a medically underserved population. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 12, 463-9.   DOI
46 Samuels Y, Wang Z, Bardell A, et al (2004). High frequency of mutations of the PIK3CA gene in human cancers. Scienc, 304, 554.   DOI
47 Santos EM, Lourenco MT, Rossi BM (2011). Risk perception among Brazilian individuals with high risk for colorectal cancer and colonoscopy. Hereditary Cancer Clin Practice, 9.
48 Shamseddine A, Saleh A, Seoud M, et al (2014). Cancer trends in Lebanon: a review of incidence rates for the period of 2003-2008 and projections until 2018. Popul Health Metr, 12, 4.   DOI
49 Tomlinson I, Webb E, Carvajal-Carmona L, et al (2007). A genome-wide association scan of tag SNPs identifies a susceptibility variant for colorectal cancer at 8q24.21. Nature Genet, 39, 984-8.   DOI
50 Tong S, Hughes K, Oldenburg B, et al (2000). Sociodemographic correlates of screening intention for colorectal cancer. Australian New Zealand J Public Health, 24, 610-4.   DOI
51 Vatandoost N, Ghanbari J, Mojaver M, et al (2015). Early detection of colorectal cancer: from conventional methods to novel biomarkers. J Cancer Res, 2015. [Epub ahead of print].