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http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.10.4277

Suppression of Inflammatory Responses by Black Rice Extract in RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells via Downregulation of NF-kB and AP-1 Signaling Pathways  

Limtrakul, Pornngarm (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University)
Yodkeeree, Supachai (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University)
Pitchakarn, Pornsiri (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University)
Punfa, Wanisa (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University)
Publication Information
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention / v.16, no.10, 2015 , pp. 4277-4283 More about this Journal
Abstract
Anthocyanin, a phenolic compound, has been reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced changes in immune cells. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effects. Few research studies have concerned the anti-inflammation properties of colored rice extract as a functional material. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine anti-inflammatory effects of the polar fraction of black rice whole grain extracts (BR-WG-P) that features a high anthocyanin content. Our results showed that BR-WG-P significantly inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, including production of NO and expression of iNOS and COX-2. In addition, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 was also significantly inhibited. Moreover, BR-WG-P and anthocyanin inhibited NF-kB and AP-1 translocation into the nucleus. BR-WG-P also decreased the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK in a dose dependent manner. These results suggested that BR-WG-P might suppress LPS-induced inflammation via the inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway leading to decrease of NF-kB and AP-1 translocation. All of these results indicate that BR-WG-P exhibits therapeutic potential associated with the anthocyanin content in the extract for treating inflammatory diseases associated with cancer.
Keywords
Black rice; anti-inflammation; NF-kB; AP-1; anthocyanin;
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