Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.3.1227

Development of an Instrument based on the Protection Motivation Theory to Measure Factors Influencing Women's Intention to First Pap Test Practice  

Hassani, Laleh (Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences)
Dehdari, Tahereh (Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences)
Hajizadeh, Ebrahim (Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University)
Shojaeizadeh, Davoud (Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Tehran University of Medical Sciences)
Abedini, Mehrandokht (Department of Family Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education)
Nedjat, Saharnaz (Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences)
Publication Information
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention / v.15, no.3, 2014 , pp. 1227-1232 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: Given that there are many Iranian women who have never had a Pap smear, this study was designed to develop and validate a measurement tool based on the Protection Motivation Theory to assess factors influencing the Iranian women's intention to perform first Pap testing. Materials and Methods: In this psychometric research, to determine the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), a panel of experts (n=10) reviewed scale items. Reliability was estimated through the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (n=30) and internal consistency (n=240). Also, factor analysis (exploratory and conformity) was performed on the data of the sample women who had never had a Pap smear test (n=240). Results: A 26-item questionnaire was developed. The CVI and CVR scores of the scale were 0.89 and 0.90, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis loaded a 26-item with seven factors questionnaire (perceived vulnerability and severity, fear, response costs, response efficacy, self-efficacy, and protection motivation (or intention)) that jointly accounted for 72.76% of the observed variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for the data. Internal consistency (range 0.70-0.93) and test-retest reliability (range 0.72-0.96) of sub-scales were acceptable. Conclusions: This study showed that the designed instrument was a valid and reliable tool for measuring the factors influencing the women's intention to perform their first Pap testing.
Keywords
Protection motivation theory; Pap smear; measurement tool; intention; Iran;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Rezaie-Chamani S, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Kamalifard M (2012). Knowledge, attitudes and practice about Pap smear among women referring to a public hospital. J Family Reprod Health, 6, 177-82.
2 Rimer BK, Glanz K (2005). Theory at a glance: A guide for health promotion practice: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute.
3 Rubio DM, Berg-Weger M, Tebb SS, Lee ES, Rauch S (2003). Objectifying content validity: Conducting a content validity study in social work research. Soc Work Res, 27, 94-104.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Twinn S, Cheng F (2000). Increasing uptake rates of cervical cancer screening amongst Hong Kong Chinese women: the role of the practitioner. J Adv Nurs, 32, 335-42.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 MacCallum RC, Browne MW, Sugawara HM (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130-49.   DOI
6 Linton DM, Porche DJ (2010). Development and psychometric testing of the Pap smear intention questionnaire. South Online J Nurs Res, 10, 1-15.
7 Lu M, Moritz S, Lorenzetti D, et al (2012). A systematic review of interventions to increase breast and cervical cancer screening uptake among Asian women. BMC Public Health, 12, 413.   DOI
8 Luszczynska A, Goc G, Scholz U, Kowalska M, Knoll N (2011). Enhancing intentions to attend cervical cancer screening with a staged matched intervention. Br J Health Psychol, 16, 33-46.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Montazeri A, Vahdaninia M, Mousavi SJ, Omidvari S (2009). The Iranian version of 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12): factor structure, internal consistency and construct validity. BMC Public Health, 9, 34.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Mueller RO (1996). Basic principles of structural equation modeling: an introduction to LISREL and EQS. New York: Springer.
11 Munro BH (2005). Statistical methods for health care research (Vol. 1). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
12 Naderimagham S, Niknami S, Abolhassani F, Hajizadeh E, Montazeri A (2012). Development and psychometric properties of a new social support scale for self-care in middle-aged patients with type II diabetes (S4-MAD). BMC Public Health, 12, 1035.   DOI
13 Nunnally JC, Bernstien I (1994). Psychometric Theory (3 ed.): New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.
14 Parkin DM, Bray F (2006). The burden of HPV-related cancers. Vaccine, 24, 11-25.
15 Jackson C (1997). Behavioral science theory and principles for practice in health education. Health Educ Res, 12, 143-50.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Joreskog KG, Sorbom D (2006). LISREL 8.80 for Windows Computer Software. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
17 Gu C, Chan CWH, He GP, Choi KC, Yang SB (2012). Chinese women's motivation to receive future screening: The role of social-demographic factors, knowledge and risk perception of cervical cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs, 17, 154-61.
18 Hou SI, Fernandez M, Chen PH (2003). Correlates of cervical cancer screening among women in Taiwan. Health Care Women Int, 24, 384-98.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Hu Lt, Bentler PM (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struc Equ Modeling, 6, 1-55.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Kim K, Yu ES, Chen EH, et al (1999). Cervical cancer screening knowledge and practices among Korean-American women. Cancer Nurs, 22, 297-302.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Blackman DK, Bennett EM, Miller DS (1999). Trends in selfreported use of mammograms (1989-1997) and Papanicolaou tests (1991-1997) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ, 48, 1-22.
22 Bollen KA, Long JS (1993). Testing structural equation models (Vol. 154): Sage. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297-334.
23 Kline RB (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3 ed.). New York: Guilford press.
24 Lawshe CH (1975). A qualitative approach to content validity. Pers Psychol, 28, 563-75.   DOI
25 Abdullah ASM, Leung KF, Leung CKL, et al (2001). Factors associated with the use of breast and cervical cancer screening services among Chinese women in Hong Kong. Pub Health, 115, 212-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Polit DF, Beck CT (2004). Nursing research: principles and practice (46 ed.): Wolters Kluwer Health.
27 Austin LT, Ahmad F, McNally MJ, Stewart DE (2002). Breast and cervical cancer screening in Hispanic women: a literature review using the health belief model. Women's Health Iss, 12, 122-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Baumgartner TA, Chung H (2001). Confidence limits for intraclass reliability coefficients. Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci, 5, 179-88.   DOI
29 Bazarganipour F, Ziaei S, Montazeri A, Faghihzadeh S, Frozanfard F (2012). Psychometric properties of the Iranian version of modified polycystic ovary syndrome health-related quality-of-life questionnaire. Hum Reprod, 27, 2729-36.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Reis N, Bebis H, Kose S, et al (2012). Knowledge, behavior and beliefs related to cervical cancer and screening among Turkish women. Asian Pac Cancer Prev, 13, 1463-70.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Fink DJ (1988). Change in American cancer society checkup guidelines for detection of cervical cancer. CA Cancer J Clin, 38, 127-8.   DOI   ScienceOn