Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules Using Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology as the Reference Standard |
Alam, Tariq
(Department of Radiology, The Aga Khan University Hospital)
Khattak, Yasir Jamil (Department of Radiology, The Aga Khan University Hospital) Beg, Madiha (Department of Radiology, The Aga Khan University Hospital) Raouf, Abdul (Department of Radiology, The Aga Khan University Hospital) Azeemuddin, Muhammad (Department of Radiology, The Aga Khan University Hospital) Khan, Asif Alam (Department of Radiology, The Aga Khan University Hospital) |
1 | Ahn SS, Kim EK, Kang DR, et al (2010). Biopsy of thyroid nodules: comparison of three sets of guideline. Am J Roentgenol, 194, 31-7. DOI |
2 | Akhtar T, Zahoor Ullah, Paracha PI, Lutfullah G (2004). Impact assessment of salt iodization on the prevalence of goiter in district Swat. Pak J Med Sci, 20, 303-7. |
3 | Alexander EK, Marqusee E, Orcutt J (2004). Thyroid nodule shape and prediction of malignancy. Thyroid, 14, 953-8. DOI ScienceOn |
4 | Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Krapcho M, et al (2007). SEER cancer statistics review. Nat Cancer Inst. [Online]. URL:http://seer.cancer.gov/csr. |
5 | Brander A, Viikinkoski P, Nickels J, Kivisaari L(1991). Thyroid gland: US screening in a random adult population. Radiology, 181, 683-7. DOI |
6 | Bruneton JN, Balu-Maestro C, Marcy PY, Melia P, Mourou MY (1994). Very high frequency (13 MHz) ultrasonographic examination of the normal neck: detection of normal lymph nodes and thyroid nodules. J Ultrasound Med, 13, 87-90. |
7 | Carroll BA (1982). Asymptomatic thyroid nodules: incidental sonographic detection. Am J Roentgenol, 138, 499-501. DOI ScienceOn |
8 | Sushel C, Khanzada TW, Zulfikar IM, Samad A (2009). Histopathological pattern of diagnosis in patients undergoing thyroid operations. Rawal Med J, 34, 14-6. |
9 | Taddesse A, Yaqub A (2011). Clinical, sonographic and cytological evaluation of small versus large thyroid nodules. JPMA, 61, 466-69. |
10 | Unnikrishnan AG, Kalra S, Baruah M, Nair G, N Vasantha et al (2011). Endocrine society of india management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules: a position statement. Indian J Endocrinol Metab, 15, 2-8. DOI |
11 | Vinayak S, Sande JA (2012). Avoiding unnecessary fine-needle aspiration cytology by accuractely predicting the benign nature of thyroid nodules using ultrasound. J Clin Imaging Sci, 2, 1-7. DOI |
12 | Wang N, Xu Y, Ge C, Guo R, Guo K (2006). Association of sonographically detected calcification with thyroid carcinoma. Head Neck, 28, 1077-83. DOI ScienceOn |
13 | Welker MJ, Orlov D (2003). Review thyroid nodules. Am Family Physician, 67, 559-66. |
14 | Wienke JR, Chong WK, Fielding JR, Zou KH, Mittelstaedt CA (2003). Sonographic features of benign thyroid nodules: interobserver reliability and overlap with malignancy. J Ultrasound Med, 22, 1027-31. |
15 | Wiest PW, Hartshorne MF, Inskip PD (1998). Thyroid palpation versus high-resolution thyroid ultrasonography in the detection of nodules. J Ultrasound Med, 17, 487-96. |
16 | Yang Y, Li Q, Guo L, et al (2011). Retrospective analysis of thyroid cancer in China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, 2245-9. |
17 | Yunus M, Ahmed Z (2010). Significance of ultrasound features in predicting solid thyroid nodules: need for fine-needle aspiration. JPMA, 60, 848-53. |
18 | Frates MC, Benson CB, Doubilet PM (2004). Likelihood of thyroid cancer based on sonographic assessment of nodule size and composition [abstract]. in: radiological society of North America Scientific assembly and annual meeting program. oak brook, III: Radiological Society of North America, 395. |
19 | Cheng P, Chen ED, Zheng HM, He QX, Li Q, et al (2013). Ultrasound score to select subcentimeter-sized thyroid nodules requiring ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in eastern China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 4689-92. 과학기술학회마을 DOI |
20 | Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR, et al, (2006). American thyroid association guidelines taskforce. management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid, 16, 109-42. DOI ScienceOn |
21 | Kim EK, Park CS, Chung WY, et al (2002). New sonographic criteria for recommending fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable solid nodules of the thyroid. Am J Roentgenol, 178, 687-91. DOI ScienceOn |
22 | Klinck GH, Winship T (1959). Psammoma bodies and thyroid cancer. Cancer, 12, 656-62. DOI ScienceOn |
23 | Koike E, Noguchi S, Yamashita H, et al (2001). Ultrasonographic characteristics of thyroid nodules: prediction of malignancy. Arch Surg, 136, 334-7. DOI ScienceOn |
24 | Komolafe F (1981). Radiological patterns and significance of thyroid calcification. Clin Radiol, 32, 571-5. DOI ScienceOn |
25 | Kuma K, Matsuzuka F, Kobayashi A (1992). Outcome of long standing solitary thyroid nodules. World J Surg, 16, 583-7. DOI ScienceOn |
26 | Papini E, Guglielmi R, Bianchini A (2002). Risk of malignancy in nonpalpable thyroid nodules: predictive value of ultrasound and color doppler features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87, 1941-6. DOI |
27 | Zuberi LM, Yawar A, Islam N, Jabbar A (2004). Clinical presentation of thyroid cancer patients in Pakistan-AKUH experience. JPMA, 54, 526-8. |
28 | Meissner WA, Adler A (1958). Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: a study of the pathology of two hundred twenty-six cases. AMA Arch Pathol, 66, 518-25. |
29 | Moon WJ, Jung SL, Lee JH, et al (2008). Benign and malignant thyroid nodules: Ultrasound differentiation-multicenter retrospective study. Radiology, 247, 762-7. DOI ScienceOn |
30 | Nam-Goong IS, Kim HY, Gong G (2004). Ultrasonographyguided fine-needle aspiration of thyroid incidentaloma: correlation with pathological findings. Clin Endocrinol, 60, 21-8. DOI ScienceOn |
31 | Pusztaszeri MP, Sadow PM, Faquin WC (2013) Images in endocrine pathology: psammomatoid calcifications in oncocytic neoplasms of the thyroid, a potential pitfall for papillary carcinoma. Endocr Pathol, 13, 9242-2. |
32 | Rahimi M, Farshchian N, Rezaee E, Shahebrahimi K, Madani H (2013). To differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodule comparison of sonography with FNAC findings. Pak J Med Sci, 29, 77-80. |
33 | Shin S, Park SE, Kim SY, et al (2014). Effectiveness of ultrasonographic screening for thyroid cancer: round-table conference in the national evidence-based healthcare collaborating agency (NECA) in conjunction with the Korean thyroid association. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 5107-10. 과학기술학회마을 DOI |
34 | Solbiati L, Osti V, Cova L, Tonolini M (2001). Ultrasound of thyroid, parathyroid glands and neck lymph nodes. Eur Radiol, 11, 2411-24. DOI ScienceOn |