Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.13.5127

Cervical Cytological Screening Results of 8,495 Cases in Turkey - Common Inflammation but Infrequent Epithelial Cell Abnormalities?  

Daloglu, Ferah Tuncel (Department of Pathology, Education and Research Hospital)
Karakaya, Yeliz Arman (Department of Pathology, State Hospital)
Balta, Hilal (Department of Pathology, Education and Research Hospital)
Altun, Eren (Department of Pathology, State Hospital)
Duman, Aslihan (Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University)
Publication Information
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention / v.15, no.13, 2014 , pp. 5127-5131 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is the ninth most common cancer among females in Turkey. Cervical smear is a routine screening test used for the detection of cervical abnormalities and also it detects certain infections of the cervix. Objective: To analyze cervical smear results of our clinic in order to determine most frequent pathology of the women in North Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study design, 8,495 cervical cytology cases diagnosed at the Pathology Department of the Regional Education and Research Hospital in Erzurum over the last one and half years extending from August 2012 to December 2013 were investigated. Results: The most common diagnosis was found to be inflammation, 65.5 % (5,566 out of 8,495), and the least was squamous epithelial abnormalities 0.2% (13 out of 8,495). There was some variation among the three pathologists regarding diagnosis but findings for the latter. Conclusions: Regular cervical smear tests are one of the most important strategies in early diagnosis of cervical cancer but there are conflicting data regarding the prevalence of epithelial cell abnormalities in Turkey, and the reasons o f this should be investigated.
Keywords
Cervical cancer; cervical cytology; incidence data;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Eser S, Yakut C, Ozdemir R, et al (2010). Canser incidence rates in Turkey in 2006: a detailed registry based estimation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 11, 1731-9.
2 Baker JJ (2002). Conventional and liquid-based cervicovaginal cytology: a comparison study with clinical and histologic follow-up. Diagn Cytopathol, 27, 185-88.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Baris I, Karakaya YA (2013). Effects of Contraception on Cervical Cytology: Data from Mardin City. Turk Patoloji Derg, 29, 117-21.
4 Bertolino J G, Rangel JE, Blake Jr. RL, Silverstein D, Ingram E (1992). Inflammation on the cervical Papanicolaou smear: the predictive value for infection in asymptomatic women. Family Medicine, 24, 447-52.
5 Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, et al (2008). Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer, 127, 2893-917.
6 Gakidou E, Nordhagen S, Obermeyer Z (2008) Coverage of cervical cancer screening in 57 countries: low average levels and large inequalities. Plos Med, 5.
7 Gurel A.S, Gurel H, Topcuoglu A (2009). Investigation of rate and determinants of pap-test in women attending for a gynecological examination. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst, 19, 62-6.
8 Juneja A, Sehgal A, Mitra AB, Pandey A (2003). A survey on risk factors with cervical cancer. Indian J Cancer, 40, 15-22.
9 Karabulutlu O (2013). Evaluation of the pap smear test status of Turkish women and related factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 981-6.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Abulafia O, Pezzullo JC, Sherer DM (2003). Performance of ThinPrep liquid-based cervical cytology in comparison with conventionally prepared Papanicolaou smears: a quantitative survey. Gynecol Oncol, 90, 137-44.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Turkish Cervical Cancer and Cervical Cytology Research Group (2009). Prevalence of cervical cytological abnormalities in Turkey. Int J Gynecol Obstet, 106, 206-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Veena K, Suresh B (2011). Incidence and cytomorphological peculiarities of lower genital tract infections in vault (post hysterectomy) smears versus Pap smears from non-hysterectomy subjects: A retrospective study. JObstetrics Gynecology India, 61, 558-61.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Whynes DK, Philips Z, Avis M (2007).Why do women participate in the English cervical cancer screening programme? J Health Econ, 26, 306-25.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Arbyn M, Bergeron C, Klinkhamer P, et al (2008). Liquid compared with conventional cervical cytology: a systema- tic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol, 111, 167-77.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Akyuz A, Guvenc G, Yavan T (2006). Evaluation of the Pap smear test status of women and of the factors affecting this status. Gulhane Med J, 48, 25-9.
16 Almobarak AO, Elhoweris MH, Nour HM, et al (2013). Frequency and patterns of abnormal Pap smears in Sudanese women with infertility: What are the perspectives? J Cytol, 30, 100-3.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Anttila A, Pukkala E, Soderman B, et al (1999). Effect of organised screening on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Finland, 1963-1995: recent increase in cervical cancer incidence. Int J Cancer, 83, 59-65.   DOI
18 Atilgan R, Celik A, Boztosun A, et al (2012). Evaluation of cervical cytological abnormalities in Turkish population. Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 55, 52-5.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Avwioro OG (2002) 1st ed. Claverianun press Nigeria; 2002. Histochemistry and Tissue Pathology.
20 Prompakay R, Promthet S, Kamsa-ard S, et al (2013). Relationship between the body mass index and abnormal pap smears. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 5503-6.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Ministry of Health (2008). Republic of Turkey Cancer Statistics, Available at: http://www.saglik.gov.tr/KSDB/BelgeGoster. aspx. (accessed 03.12.2013).
22 Ministry of Health (2009). Ulusal kanser programi 2009-2015. Available at: http://www.saglik.gov.tr. (accessed 08.2013). In Turkey there were different results reported about the rate of the pap testing of women.
23 Solomon D, Ritu N (2004). The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology: Definitions, Criteria, and Explanatory Notes. 2nd ed. New York. NY: Springer; 2004.
24 Papanicolaou G. N (1942). A new procedure for staining vaginal smears. Science, 95, 438-9.   DOI
25 Robyr R, Nazeer S, Vassilakos P, et al (2002). Feasibility of cytology-based cervical cancer screening in rural Cameroon. Acta Cytol, 46, 1110-5.   DOI
26 Sogukpinar N, Saydam B K, Can H O, et al (2013). Assessment of cervical cancer risk in women between 15 and 49 years of age: case of Izmir. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 2119-25.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Stekler JE, Joann G (2000). Cervical Cancer Screening: Who, When, Why? Academic Search Premier, 13, 124.
28 Takei H, Ruiz B, Hicks J (2006). Comparison of conventional Pap smears and a liquid-based thin-layer preparation. Am J Clin Pathol, 125, 855-9.   DOI
29 Tezcan S, Sahincioglu O (2008). Epidemiology and screening programmes in cervical cancer. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst-Special Topics, 1, 1-7.
30 World Health Organization (2008). Cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccines: Key points for policy-makers and health professionals. WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
31 Karaca M (2008). How common is pap smear test known and performed. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst, 18, 22-8.
32 Reiter PL, Katz ML, Ferketich AK, et al (2009). Measuring cervical cancer risk: development and validation of the care risky sexual behavior index. Cancer Causes and Control, 20, 1865-71.   DOI
33 Kulkarni PR, Rani H, Vimalambike M G, Ravishankar S (2013). Opportunistic screening for cervical cancer in a tertiary hospital in Karnataka, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 5101-5.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Michalas S P (2000). The Pap test: George N. Papanicolaou (1883- 1962). A screening test for the prevention of cancer of uterine cervix. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Repro- ductive Biology, 90, 135-8.   DOI