Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.8.3809

Colorectal Cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Need for Screening  

Mosli, Mahmoud H. (Western University)
Al-Ahwal, Mahmoud S. (Scientific Chair for Colorectal Cancer, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University)
Publication Information
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention / v.13, no.8, 2012 , pp. 3809-3813 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Our aim was to characterize the epidemiology of CRC in the Saudi population. Design and Setting: Retrospective analysis of all cases of CRC recorded in the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) between January 2001 and December 2006 amongst Saudi citizens in KSA. Patients and Methods: Data were retrieved from the database of the SCR. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS. Results: A total of 4,201 cases of CRC were registered in the SCR. The incidence of CRC increased between 2001 and 2006. The mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 58 years; most patients were above 45 years of age (n=3322; 79.1%). At the time of diagnosis, 977 patients (23.0%) presented with localized disease and 1,018 (24.0%) had distant metastasis. The most frequent pathological variant was adenocarcinoma (73%), with grade 2 (moderately differentiated) being the most common grade among all variants (61%). For all cancer grades, the frequency of CRC was significantly higher among patients >45 years (P=0.004), who presented with more advanced disease (stages III and IV) (P=0.012). Based on logistic regression, age >45 years was associated with advanced regional presentation (P=0.001). Tumor grade was associated with advanced regional presentation and metastasis. Conclusions: There was an increase in the incidence of CRC between 2001 and 2006. The age at the time of diagnosis was low when compared with reports from developed countries. A nationwide approach is needed to encourage and illustrate the importance of screening programs.
Keywords
Colorectal cancer; incidence; epidemiology; screening; Saudi Arabia;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Ageing A G D o H a (2008). Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, early detection and management of colorectal cancer - a guide for general practitioners edition 3 retrieved january 28, 2012.
2 Al-Ahwal M, Al-Ghamdi AA (2005). Pattern of colorectal cancer at two hospitals in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Gastroenterol, 11, 164-9.   DOI
3 Al-Eid HS, Bazarbashi S, Al-Zahrani A (2011). Cancer Incidence Report Saudi Arabia 2005. Saudi Cancer Registry Web site. Available at: http://www.scr.org.sa/reports/. Assessed on October 29, 2011.
4 Al-Jaberi TM, Yaghan RJ, El-Heis HA (2003). Colorectal cancer in young patients under 40 years of age. Comparison with old patients in a well defined Jordanian population. Saudi Med J, 24, 871-4.
5 Al-Madouj AN, Al-Zahrani AS (2005). Eight-year cancer incidence among nationals of the GCC states: 1998-2005. Gulf Center for Cancer Registration. Available at: http:// www.sgh.org.sa/PDF/cancer 1998-2005.pdf. Assessed on July 10, 2012.
6 Al-Radi AO, Ayyub M, Al-Mashat FM, et al (2000). Primary gastrointestinal cancers in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. Is the pattern changing? Saudi Med J, 21, 730-4.
7 Anning L, Koo N, Neely J, et al (2011). Management of young onset colorectal cancer: divergent practice in the East of England. Colorectal Dis, 13, 297-302.   DOI
8 Arafa MA, Waly MI, Jriesat S, Al Khafajei A, Sallam S (2011). "Dietary and lifestyle characteristics of colorectal cancer in Jordan: a case-control study." Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, 1931-6.
9 Aune D, Lau R, Chan DS et al (2011). Nonlinear reduction in risk for colorectal cancer by fruit and vegetable intake based on meta-analysis of prospective studies. Gastroenterol, 141, 106-18.   DOI
10 Ayyub M I, Al-Radi AO, Khazeindar AM, Nagi Ah, Maniyar IA (2002). Clinicopathological trends in colorectal cancer in a tertiary care hospital. Saudi Med J, 23, 160-3.
11 Davis DM, Marcet JE, Frattini JC, et al (2011). Is it time to lower the recommended screening age for colorectal cancer? J Am Coll Surg, 213, 352-61.   DOI
12 Derwinger K, Kodeda K, Geiry R (2010). Age aspects of demography, pathology and survival assessment in colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res, 30, 5227-31.
13 el-Akkad S M, Amer MH, Lin GS, Sabbah RS, Godwin JT (1986). Pattern of cancer in Saudi Arabs referred to King Faisal Specialist Hospital. Cancer, 58, 1172-8.   DOI
14 Eser S, Yakut C, Ozdemir R (2010). Cancer incidence rates in Turkey in 2006: a detailed registry based estimation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 11, 1731-9.
15 Genkinger J M, Koushik A (2007). Meat consumption and cancer risk. PLoS Med, 4, 345.   DOI
16 Fancher T T, Palesty JA, Rashidi L, Dudrick SJ (2011). Is gender related to the stage of colorectal cancer at initial presentation in young patients? J Surg Res, 165, 15-8.   DOI
17 Forbes S S, Sutradhar R, Paszat, et al (2010). Long-term survival in young adults with colorectal cancer: a population-based study. Dis Colon Rectum, 53, 973-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Ganapathi S, Kumar D, Katsaoulas et al (2011). Colorectal cancer in the young: trends, characteristics and outcome. Int J Colorectal Dis, 26, 927-34.   DOI
19 Goede S L, van Roon AH, Reijenerick JC, et al (2012). Cost-effectiveness of one versus two sample faecal immunochemical testing for colorectal cancer screening. Gut.
20 Ibrahim E M, Zeeneldin AA, El-Khodary TR, et al (2008). Past, present and future of colorectal cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Gastroenterol, 14, 178-82.   DOI
21 Isbister W H (1992). Colorectal cancer below age 40 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Aust N Z J Surg, 62, 468-72.   DOI
22 Isbister W H, Murad M, Habib Z (2000). Rectal cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: the King Faisal Specialist Hospital experience. Aust N Z J Surg, 70, 269-74.   DOI
23 Jones AM, Morris E, Thomas J, et al (2009). Evaluation of bowel cancer registration data in England, 1996-2004. Br J Cancer, 101, 1269-73.   DOI
24 Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Knudsen AB, Brenner H (2010). Costeffectiveness of colorectal cancer screening - an overview. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 24, 439-49.   DOI
25 Matsuda T, Marugame T, Kamo K, et al (2010). Cancer incidence and incidence rates in Japan in 2004: based on data from 14 population-based cancer registries in the Monitoring of Cancer Incidence in Japan (MCIJ) Project. Jpn J Clin Oncol, 40, 1192-200.   DOI
26 Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Knudsen AB, Brenner H (2011). Costeffectiveness of colorectal cancer screening. Epidemiol Rev, 33, 88-100.   DOI
27 Liang J, Church J (2010). How to manage the patient with earlyage- of-onset (<50 years) colorectal cancer? Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 19, 31.
28 Mansoor I, Zahrani IH, Abdul Aziz S (2002). Colorectal cancers in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J, 23, 322-7.
29 Matsuda T, Marugame T, Kamo K, et al (2011). Cancer incidence and incidence rates in Japan in 2005: based on data from 12 population-based cancer registries in the Monitoring of Cancer Incidence in Japan (MCIJ) project. Jpn J Clin Oncol, 41, 139-47.   DOI
30 Ministry of Health K (2007). Cancer Incidence and Survival Report Saudi Arabia.
31 Misra S, Lairson DR, Chan W, et al (2011). Cost effectiveness of interventions to promote screening for colorectal cancer: a randomized trial. J Prev Med Public Health, 44, 101-10.   DOI
32 Moore M A, Eser S, Igisinov, et al (2010). Cancer epidemiology and control in North-Western and Central Asia - past, present and future. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 11, 17-32.
33 Ravichandran K, Al-Hamdan NA, Mohamed G (2011). "Knowledge, attitude, and behavior among Saudis toward cancer preventive practice. J Family Community Med, 18, 135-42.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Ravichandran K, Mohamed G, Al-Hamdan NA (2010). Public knowledge on cancer and its determinants among Saudis in the Riyadh Region of Saudi Arabia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 11, 1175-80.
35 Statistics C C (2011). Canadian Cancer Society, Steering Committee on Cancer Statistics. Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, ON.
36 Sankaranarayanan R, Swaminathan R, Brenner H, et al (2010). Cancer survival in Africa, Asia, and Central America: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol, 11, 165-73.   DOI
37 Sibiani AR, Shaheen M, Fallatah HI et al (2011). Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Arabia King Abdul Aziz University Hospital: A Five Year Experience, 2, 1126-30.
38 Sobhani I, Alzahouri K, Ghout I, Charles DJ, Durand-Zaleski I (2011). Cost-effectiveness of mass screening for colorectal cancer: choice of fecal occult blood test and screening strategy. Dis Colon Rectum, 54, 876-86.   DOI
39 Wilschut J A, Hol L, Dekker E, et al (2011). Cost-effectiveness analysis of a quantitative immunochemical test for colorectal cancer screening. Gastroenterology, 141, 1648-55.   DOI
40 Zandonai A P, Sonobe HM, Sawada NO (2012). The dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer related to meat consumption. Rev Esc Enferm USP, 46, 234-9.   DOI