Browse > Article

Survival of Patients with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder in Indonesia: A Single Institution Review  

Supit, Wempy (Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia)
Mochtar, Chaidir A (Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia)
Sugiono, Marto (Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia)
Umbas, Rainy (Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia)
Publication Information
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention / v.12, no.2, 2011 , pp. 549-553 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objective: To describe for the first time the survival of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in Indonesia, according to clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of bladder TCC survival in a single institution, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia's national tertiary referral centre, between the years 1995 and 2005. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the overall survival (OS). Results: The evaluable data covered 254 cases of primary bladder TCC, in which 95 (37.4%) were non muscleinvasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and 159 cases (62.6%) were muscle-invasive (MIBC). Of these, 105 cases (41.4%) with a follow-up period up to five years were eligible for survival analysis. The mean age was 56.5 +/- 12.1 years old, with a male to female ratio of 6:1. The 5-year OS for all bladder TCC was 27.6%, with a mean survival time of 32.6 months. For NMIBC, the 5-year OS was 53.8% with a mean survival of 54.5 months. For MIBC, the 5-year OS was 19% with a mean survival of 25.4 months. Regarding pathological stage, the 5-year OS for stage 0, I, II, III, and IV was 83.3%, 45%, 30%, 18.8%, and 9.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The overall survival of bladder TCC in Indonesia is low compared to other countries. Possible explanations include the high number of advanced-stage tumours at initial presentation, under-staging, significant number of treatment refusal by our patients, and the non-standardized use of adjuvant therapy in our centre.
Keywords
Long term survival; treatment modalities; muscle invasive bladder cancer; Indonesia;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Calabro F, Sternberg CN (2009). Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Eur Urol, 55, 348-58.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Epstein JI, Amin MB, Reuter VR, et al (1998). The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification of urothelial (transitional cell) neoplasms of the urinary bladder. Bladder consensus conference committee. Am J Surg Pathol, 22, 1435-48.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Eriksen KT, Petersen A, Poulsen AH, et al (2008). Social inequality and incidence of and survival from cancers of the kidney and urinary bladder in a population-based study in Denmark, 1994-2003. Eur J Cancer, 44, 2030-42.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Flamm J, Havelec L (1990). Factors affecting survival in primary superficial bladder cancer. Eur Urol, 17, 113-8.   DOI
5 Gaitonde K, Goyal A, Nagaonkar S, et al (2002). Retrospective review and long-term follow-up of radical cystectomy in a developing country. BJU Int, 89, 57-61.   DOI
6 Goonewardena SA, De Silva WA, De Silva MV (2004). Bladder cancer in Sri Lanka: experience from a tertiary referral center. Int J Urol, 11, 969-72.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Greene F, C Balch, D Haller, et al (2002). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (6th Edition), Springer.
8 Gupta P, Jain M, Kapoor R, et al (2009). Impact of age and gender on the clinicopathological characteristics of bladder cancer. Indian J Urol, 25, 207-410.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Kong CH, Singam P, Hong GE, et al (2010). Clinicopathological features of bladder tumours in a single institution in Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 11, 149-52.
10 Lee R, Droller MJ (2000). The natural history of bladder cancer. Implications for therapy. Urol Clin North Am, 27, 1-13.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Matalka I, Bani-Hani K, Shotar A, et al (2008). Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathological study. Singapore Med J, 49, 790-4.
12 Messing EM, Young TB, Hunt VB, et al (1995). Comparison of bladder cancer outcome in men undergoing hematuria home screening versus those with standard clinical presentations. Urology, 45, 387-96; discussion 396-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Narayana AS, Loening SA, Slymen DJ, et al (1983). Bladder cancer: factors affecting survival. J Urol, 130, 56-60.   DOI
14 Nishiyama H, Habuchi T, Watanabe J, et al (2004). Clinical outcome of a large-scale multi-institutional retrospective study for locally advanced bladder cancer: a survey including 1131 patients treated during 1990-2000 in Japan. Eur Urol, 45, 176-81.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Parkin DM (2008). The global burden of urinary bladder cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol, Suppl(218), 12-20.
16 Ries LAG (2007). Cancer survival among adults : U.S. SEER program, 1988-2001, patient and tumor characteristics, 276 p. pp., U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
17 Rosenberg JE (2007). Current status of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther, 7, 1729-36.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Ruggeri EM, Giannarelli D, Bria E, et al (2006). Adjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma: a pooled analysis from phase III studies. Cancer, 106, 783-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Sankaranarayanan R, Swaminathan R, Brenner H, et al (2010). Cancer survival in Africa, Asia, and Central America: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol, 11, 165-73.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Shariat SF, Karakiewicz PI, Palapattu GS, et al (2006). Outcomes of radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a contemporary series from the bladder cancer research consortium. J Urol, 176, 2414-22; discussion 2422.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Shelley MD, Barber J, Wilt T, et al (2002). Surgery versus radiotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD002079.
22 Takashi M, Wakai K, Hattori T, et al (2002). Multivariate evaluation of factors affecting recurrence, progression, and survival in patients with superficial bladder cancer treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (Tokyo 172 strain) therapy: significance of concomitant carcinoma in situ. Int Urol Nephrol, 33, 41-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Turkolmez K, Tokgoz H, Reşorlu B, et al (2007). Muscleinvasive bladder cancer: predictive factors and prognostic difference between primary and progressive tumors. Urology, 70, 477-81.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Umbas R (2007). Bladder cancer: 10 years experience from two tertiary care hospitals in Indonesia. Indonesian J Surg, 35, 17-22.