Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no9.811

Injustice Perception and Work Alienation: Exploring the Mediating Role of Employee's Cynicism in Healthcare Sector  

DURRAH, Omar (Management Department, College of Commerce and Business Administration, Dhofar University)
Publication Information
The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business / v.7, no.9, 2020 , pp. 811-824 More about this Journal
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the effect of injustice perception on work alienation and the mediating role played by the employee's cynicism between injustice perception and work alienation in the healthcare sector in Oman. By utilizing a simple random sampling technique, data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 306 nurses working in private healthcare providing organizations in Oman. The collected data was then analyzed using AMOS program through the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of study show that the levels of perception of injustice and cynicism of nurses in the private healthcare centers were low, while the work alienation was found to be at moderate level in these healthcare organizations. The findings of the empirical study reveal that injustice perception and employee's cynicism significantly affect work alienation. The impact of injustice perception in creating employee's cynicism was also observed. The hypothesis that the mediating role played by employee's cynicism in injustice perception and work alienation relationship was partially supported. Moreover, injustice perception and cynicism directly affect work alienation, therefore, these hospitals should consider organizational policies and procedures to achieve equality and justice among nursing personnel, and to eliminate the factors that cause cynicism and work alienation.
Keywords
Healthcare Sector; Injustice Perception; Work Alienation; Employee's Cynicism; Sultanate of Oman;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 8  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Li, F., & Fan Zhou, K. (2011). Expecting the worst: moderating effects of social cynicism on the relationships between relationship conflict and negative affective reactions. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26, 339-345.   DOI
2 Elovainio, M., Kivimaki, M., Steen, N., & Vahtera, J. (2004). Job decision latitude, organizational justice and health: multilevel covariance structure analysis. Social Science and Medicine, 58, 1659-1669.   DOI
3 Farahbod, F., Azadehdel, M., Chegini, M., & Ashraf, A. (2012). Work alienation historical backgrounds, concepts, reasons and effects. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(12), 408-8415.
4 Liao, H., & Rupp, D. (2005). The impact of justice climate and justice orientation on work outcomes: Across-level multifoci framework. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(2), 242-256.   DOI
5 Mau, R. (1992). The validity and devolution of a concept: Student alienation. Adolescence, 27(107), 731-741.
6 Merkhe, J. (2015). The impact of perception of organizational injustice on work alienation: analytical study at international schools in Amman. Master's Theses. Middle East University, Jordan.
7 Mingzheng, W., Xiaoling, S., Xubo, F., & Youshan, L. (2014). Moral identity as a moderator of the effects of organizational injustice on counterproductive work behavior among Chinese public servants. Public Personnel Management, 43(3), 314-324.   DOI
8 Nguyen, T., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, T., & Nguyen, V. (2020). The impact of international integration on the inequality of income between rural and urban areas in Vietnam. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(3), 277-287. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no3.277   DOI
9 Ozer, O., Ugurluoglu, O., Saygili, M., & Songur, C. (2019). The impact of work alienation on organizational health: A field study in health sector. Journal International Journal of Healthcare Management, 12(1), 18-24.
10 Ozler, D., & Atalay, C. (2011). A research to determine the relationship between organizational cynicism and burnout levels of employees in health sector. Business and Management Review, 1(4), 26-38.
11 Pham, C., Vu, S., Pham, Y., & Vu, N. (2020). Evaluating performance of Vietnamese public hospitals based on balanced scorecard. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(6), 339-349. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no6.339   DOI
12 Alraja, M., & Kashoob, M. (2019). Transformation to electronic purchasing: an empirical investigation. Telkomnika, 17(3), 1209-1219.   DOI
13 Afrasiabi, H., Jamshidi, B., Suluklu, & Ghudrati, H. (2013). Study of job satisfaction concerning participation and alienation among employees of Fars regional electric company. Applied Sociology, 24(49), 56-68.
14 Ahmed, W., Kiyani, A., & Hashmi, S. (2013). The Study of organizational cynicism, organizational injustice and breach of psychological contract as the determinants of deviant work behavior. Actual Problems of Economics, 140 (2), 145-154.
15 Ajzen, I. (2001). Nature and operation of attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 27-58.   DOI
16 Ambulkar, S., Blackhurst, J., & Grawe, S. (2015). Firm's resilience to supply chain disruptions: Scale development and empirical examination. Journal of Operations Management, 33-34, 111-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2014.11.002   DOI
17 Andersson, L., & Bateman, T. (1997). Cynicism in the workplace: some causes and effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(5), 449-469.   DOI
18 Annual Health Report. (2018). Health Services by Other Health Care Providers. Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
19 Field, A. (2005). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. (2nd ed.). London, UK: Sage Publications.
20 Feldman, D. (2000). The Dilbert syndrome: How employee cynicism about ineffective management is changing the nature of careers in organizations. American Behavioral Scientist, 43(8), 1286-1300.   DOI
21 Fox, S., Spector, P., & Miles, D. (2001). Counterproductive work behavior in response to job stressors and organizational justice: some mediator and moderator tests for autonomy and emotions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59, 291-309.   DOI
22 Furnham, A., & Siegel, E. (2011). Reactions to organizational injustice: counter work behaviors and the insider threat. In: E. Kals & J. Maes (Eds.), Justice and Conflicts. Berlin, Germany: Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19035-3_12
23 Geyer, R. (1996). Alienation, Ethnicity, and Postmodernism. Westport, CT: Greenwood Pub Group.
24 Ghasemi, A., & Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality tests for statistical analysis: A guide for non-statisticians. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10, 486-489.   DOI
25 Ghouse, S., McElwee, G., & Durrah, O. (2019). Entrepreneurial success of cottage-based women entrepreneurs in Oman. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 25(3), 480-498.   DOI
26 Greenberg, J. (2004). Stress fairness to fare no stress: managing workplace stress by promoting organizational justice. Organizational Dynamics, 33(4), 352-365.   DOI
27 Hair, J., Black, W., & Babin, B. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective, London, UK: Pearson Education.
28 Aquino, K., Lewis, M., & Bradfield, M. (1999). Justice constructs, negative affectivity, and employee deviance: A proposed model and empirical test. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(7), 1073-1091.   DOI
29 Bernerth, J., Armenakis, A., Field, H., & Walker, H. (2007). Justice, cynicism, and commitment: A study of important organizational change variables. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43, 303-326.   DOI
30 Adams, J. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 267-299.   DOI
31 Punia, P., & Berwal, S. (2017). Development and standardization of an alienation scale for visually impaired students. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, September-October, 427-439.   DOI
32 Podsakoff, P., MacKenzie, S., & Podsakoff, N. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control It. Annual Review of Psychology, 63(1), 539-569.   DOI
33 Preacher, K., & Hayes, A. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891.   DOI
34 Pugh, S., Skarlicki, D., & Passell, B. (2003). After the fall: layoff victims' trust and cynicism in re-employment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76(2), 201-212.   DOI
35 Sanal, M., & Zare, L. (2017). Organizational alienation. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 6(4), 105-112.
36 Sazkaya, M. (2014). Cynicism as a mediator of relations between job stress and work alienation: a study from a developing country - Turkey. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 6(1), 24-36.
37 Schermelleh-Engel, K., & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
38 Cetinkaya, F. (2018). Psychological Contract Breach and Organizational Cynicism Relationship. Journal of Business Research-Turk, 10(1), 652-674.   DOI
39 Bies, R., & Moag, J. (1986). Interactional Justice: Communication Criteria of Fairness. In: R. J. Lewicki, B. H. Sheppard, & M. H. Bazeman (Eds.), Research on Negotiations in Organizations (pp. 43-55). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
40 Bish, A., Newton, C., & Johnston, K. (2015). Leader vision and diffusion of HR policy during change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 28(4), 529-545.   DOI
41 Ceylan, A., & Sulu, S. (2010). Work Alienation as a mediator of the relationship of procedural injustice to job stress. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 5(2), 65-74.
42 Ceylan, A., & Sulu, S. (2011). Organizational injustice and work alienation. E + M Ekonomika A Management, 2, 65-78.
43 Hirschfeld, R. Feild, H., & Bedeian, A. (2000). Work alienation as an individual-difference construct for predicting workplace adjustment: a test in two samples. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(9), 1880-1902.   DOI
44 Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
45 Haslam, S. (2004). Psychology in Organizations: The Social Identity Approach. London, UK: Sage Publications Ltd.
46 Hegel, G. (2003). The Phenomenology of Mind. Dover, UK: Dover Publications.
47 Hu, L., & Bentler, P. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives, Structural Equation Modeling. A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
48 Hull, J., Van Treuren, R., & Virnelli, S. (1987). Hardiness and health: A critique and alternative approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(3), 518-523.   DOI
49 Information and Statistics Department. (2012). Annual Health Report. Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
50 Joe-Akunne, C., & Oguegbe, T. (2019). Organizational cynicism and interactional injustice as correlates of workplace deviance among private company employees. Journal of Industrial and Organizational Behavior in Africa, 1(1), 163-178.
51 Hackman, J., & Oldham, G. (1980). Work Redesign. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.
52 Jones, D. (2008). Getting even with one's supervisor and one's organization: relationships among types of injustice, desires for revenge, and counterproductive work behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 525-542.   DOI
53 Crino, M. (1994). Employee sabotage: a random or preventable phenomenon? Journal of Managerial, 6, 311-330.
54 Schmitt, M., & Dorfel, M. (1999). Procedural injustice at work, justice sensitivity, job satisfaction and psychosomatic wellbeing. European, Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 443-453.   DOI
55 Seeman, M. (1971). The urban alienations: Some dubious theses from Marx to Marcuse. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 19(2), 135-143.   DOI
56 Planning Agency. (2014). Future Outlook for the Health System (Health 2050), Ministry of Health, Sultanate of Oman.
57 Chan, T., Cheung, C., Shi, N., & Lee, M. (2015). Gender differences in satisfaction with Facebook users, Industrial Management and Data Systems, 115(1), 182-206.   DOI
58 Cohen-Charash, Y., & Spector, P. (2001). The role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 86(2), 278-321.   DOI
59 Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management. 31, 874-900.   DOI
60 Skarlicki, D., Van Jaarsveld, D., & Walker, D. (2008). Getting even for customer mistreatment: the role of moral identity in the relationship between customer interpersonal injustice and employee sabotage. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1335-1347.   DOI
61 Sookoo, N. (2014). Perceptions of injustice and alienation dynamics within the workplace. Journal of the Department of Behavioural Sciences, 3(1), 81-99.
62 Stanley, D., John, P., & Laryssa, T. (2005). Employee cynicism and resistance to organizational change. Journal of Business and Psychology, 19(4), 429-459.   DOI
63 Straub, D., Boudreau, M., & Gefen, D. (2004). Validation guidelines for is positivist research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 13(6), 380-427.
64 Kickul, J., Gundry, L. K., & Posig, M. (2005). Does trust matter? the relationship between equity sensitivity and perceived organizational justice. Journal of Business Ethics, 56, 205-218.   DOI
65 Kanungo, R. (1982). Work Alienation: An Integrative Approach. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers.
66 Kelloway, E., Barling, J., & Hurrell, J. (2006). Handbook of Workplace Violence, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
67 Khdour, N., Durrah, O., & Harris, M. (2015). The effect of job burnout on employees' satisfaction: a comparison study between public universities and private universities in Jordan. Journal of Management Research, 7(4), 54-81.   DOI
68 Kim, S., Jung, K., Noh, G., & Kang, L. (2019). What makes employees cynical in public organizations? Antecedents of organizational cynicism. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 47(6), 1-10.
69 Kline, R. (1999). Software review: software programs for structural equation modeling: AMOS, EQS, and LISREL. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 16(4), 343-364.   DOI
70 Kobasa, S., Maddi, S., & Kahn, S. (1982). Hardiness and health: a prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 168-174.   DOI
71 Kocoglu, M. (2014). Cynicism as a mediator of relations between job stress and work alienation: a study from a developing country - Turkey. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 6(1), 24-36.
72 Tepper, B. (2001). Health consequences of organizational injustice: tests of main and interactive effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86, 197-215.   DOI
73 Subgur, C., Ozer, O., Saygili, M., & Ugurlouglu, O. (2019). Paternalistic leadership, organizational cynicism, and intention to quit one's job in nursing. Hospital Topics, 97(4), 139-147.   DOI
74 Sulu, S., Ceylan, A., & Kaynak, R. (2010). Work alienation as a mediator of the relationship between organizational injustice and organizational commitment: implications for healthcare professionals. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(8), 27-38.
75 Tabrizi, A. (1991). Alienation, Conceptualization, and Grouping of Theories in the Fields of Sociology and Psychology. Social Sciences, 2, 25-73.
76 Tucker, J. (1993). Everyday forms of employee resistance. Sociological Forum, 8, 25-45.   DOI
77 Tukelturk, S., Percin, N., & Guzel, B. (2012). Psychological Contract breaches and organizational cynicism at hotels. The Young Economists Journal, 9(19), 194-213.
78 Dajani, M., & Mohamad, M. (2017). Perceived organizational injustice and counterproductive behavior: the mediating role of work alienation evidence from the Egyptian. International Journal of Business and Management; 12(5), 192-201.   DOI
79 Lee, C., & Ha, B. (2020). The impact of interactional justice and supply chain collaboration on sustainable SCM performance: the case of multinational pharmaceutical firms. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(2), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no2.237   DOI
80 Dagli, A., & Averbek, E. (2017). The Relationship between the Organizational Alienation and the Organizational Citizenship Behaviors of Primary School Teachers. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(10), 1707-1717.   DOI
81 Dean J., Brandes, P., & Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational cynicism. The Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 341-352.   DOI
82 DeHart-Davis, L., & Pandey, S. (2005). Red tape and public employees: Does perceived rule dysfunction alienate managers? Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15(1), 133-148.   DOI
83 Tummers, L. (2011). Explaining the willingness of public professionals to implement new policies: A policy alienation framework. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 77(3), 555-581.   DOI
84 Abraham, R. (2000). Organizational cynicism: bases and consequences. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 126(3), 269-277.
85 Durrah, O., Allil, K., Gharib, M., & Hannawi, S. (2020a). Organizational pride as an antecedent of employee creativity in the petrochemical industry. European Journal of Innovation Management. [In Press] doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-08-2019-0235
86 Durrah, O., Chaudhary, M., & Gharib, M. (2019). Organizational cynicism and its impact on organizational pride in industrial organizations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(7), 1-16.
87 Durrah, O., Eltigani, M., Gharib, M., & Hannawi, S. (2020b). Management by walking around as an approach to improving organizational excellence in media institutions. Journal of Economic, Administrative and Legal Sciences, 4(4), 147-165.
88 Dwivedi, Y., Choudrie, J., & Brinkman, W. (2006). Development of a survey instrument to examine consumer adoption of broadband. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 106(5), 700-718.   DOI
89 Tulsi, P., & Ji, Y. (2020). A conceptual approach to green human resource management and corporate environmental responsibility in the hospitality industry. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(1), 195-203. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no1.195   DOI
90 Tummers, L., & den Dulk, L. (2013). The effects of work alienation on organizational commitment, work effort and work-to-family enrichment. Journal of Nursing Management, 21, 850-859.   DOI
91 Tummers, L., Bekkers, V., van Thiel, S., & Steijn, B. (2015). The effects of work alienation and policy alienation on behavior of public employees. Administration and Society, 47(5), 596-617.   DOI
92 Valikhani, M., & Zamani, S. (2019). Investigation of demographic factors influencing the work alienation among Isfahan Tejarat Bank employees. Qualitative Research Journal, 4(5), 1-6.
93 Zellars, K. L., Liu, Y., Bratton, V., Brymer, R., & Perrewe, P. L. (2004). An examination of the dysfunctional consequences of organizational injustice and escapist coping. Journal of Managerial Issues, 16(4), 528-544.
94 Whiteside, D., & Barclay, L. (2013). Echoes of silence: employee silence as a mediator between overall justice and employee outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(2), 251-266.   DOI
95 World Health Organization. (WHO). (2013). World Health Statistics. Retrieved April 10, 2020 from: https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/en/
96 Yildiza, S., & Saylikay, M. (2014). The effect of organizational cynicism on alienation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 622-627.   DOI