Validating the Entrepreneurial Intention Model on the University Students in Saudi Arabia |
HODA, Najmul
(Department of Business Administration, College of Business, Umm Al-Qura University)
AHMAD, Naim (Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University) AHMAD, Mobin (Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Jazan University) KINSARA, Abdullah (Department of Business Administration, College of Business, Umm Al-Qura University) MUSHTAQ, Afnan T. (Smart Dreams Tech, Umm Al-Qura University) HAKEEM, Mohammad (Saudi Telecom Company) AL-HAKAMI, Mwafaq (Department of Business Administration, College of Business, Umm Al-Qura University) |
1 | Bosma, N., Acs, Z. J., Autio, E., Coduras, A., & Levie, J. (2008). 2008 Executive Report Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2008 Executive Report. Executive Report, 14, 146. Retrieved from http://www.mendeley.com/research/global-entrepreneurshipmonitor-2004-executive-report/ |
2 | Boyd, N. G., & Vozikis, G. S. (1994). The Influence of Self-Efficacy on the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions and Actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(4), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879401800404 DOI |
3 | Bui, T. H. V., Nguyen, T. L. T., Tran, M. D., & Nguyen, T. A. T. (2020). Determinants Influencing Entrepreneurial Intention among Undergraduates in Universities of Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(7), 369-378. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no7.369 DOI |
4 | Choukir, J., Aloulou, W. J., Ayadi, F., & Mseddi, S. (2019). Influences of role models and gender on Saudi Arabian freshman students' entrepreneurial intention. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 11(2), 186-206. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-08-2018-0083 DOI |
5 | Concordia, J. A. (2000). Evaluation of Two Approaches to Entrepreneurship Education Using an Intention-Based Model of Venture Creation. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(1), 58. |
6 | De Pillis, E., & Reardon, K. K. (2007). The influence of personality traits and persuasive messages on entrepreneurial intention: A cross-cultural comparison. Career Development International, 12(4), 382-396. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430710756762 DOI |
7 | Linan, Francisco, Rodriguez-Cohard, J. C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011b). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: A role for education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 195-218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0154-z DOI |
8 | Linan, Francisco, Urbano, D., & Guerrero, M. (2011). Regional variations in entrepreneurial cognitions: Start-up intentions of university students in Spain. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 23(3-4), 187-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903233929 DOI |
9 | Lu, H., & Wang, J. (2018). Entrepreneurial intention of two patterns of planned behaviour and alertness: Empirical evidence in China. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 5(2), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2018.vol5.no2.63 DOI |
10 | Luthje, C., & Franke, N. (2003). The "making" of an entrepreneur: Testing a model of entrepreneurial intent among engineering students at MIT. R and D Management, 33(2), 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00288 DOI |
11 | Miao, C. (2016). Individual traits and entrepreneurial intentions: The mediating role of entrepreneurial selfefficacy and need for cognition. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 76(10-A(E)), No-Specified. Retrieved from http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=psyc13a&NEWS=N&AN=2016-16229-280 |
12 | Miralles, F., Giones, F., & Riverola, C. (2016). Evaluating the impact of prior experience in entrepreneurial intention. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(3), 791-813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-015-0365-4 DOI |
13 | Mohd Ariff, A. H., Bidin, Z., Sharif, Z., & Ahmad, A. (2010). Predicting Entrepreneurship Intention Among Malay University Accounting Students in Malaysia. UNITAR E-Journal, 6(1), 1-10. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=51444630&site=ehost-live |
14 | Fitzsimmons, J. R., & Douglas, E. J. (2011). Interaction between feasibility and desirability in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(4), 431-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.01.001 DOI |
15 | do Paco, A. M. F., Ferreira, J. M., Raposo, M., Rodrigues, R. G., & Dinis, A. (2011). Behaviours and entrepreneurial intention: Empirical findings about secondary students. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 20-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-010-0071-9 DOI |
16 | Engle, R. L., Dimitriadi, N., Gavidia, J. V., Schlaegel, C., Delanoe, S., Alvarado, I., … Wolff, B. (2010). Entrepreneurial intent: A twelve-country evaluation of Ajzen's model of planned behavior. Team Performance Management, 16(1-2), 35-57. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551011020063 |
17 | Ferri, L., Ginesti, G., Spano, R., & Zampella, A. (2018). Exploring the entrepreneurial intention of female students in Italy. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4030027 |
18 | Garson, G. D. (2016). Partial least squares regression and structural equation models [Kindle edition]. In Statistical Associates Blue Book Series 10. Asheboro, NC 27205 USA: Statistical Associates Publishing, Asheboro. |
19 | Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The Strength of Weak Ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380. https://doi.org/10.1086/225469 DOI |
20 | Gupta, V. K., & Bhawe, N. M. (2007). The Influence of Proactive Personality and Stereotype Threat on Women's Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(4), 73-85. https://doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130040901 DOI |
21 | Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202 DOI |
22 | Neergaard, H., Shaw, E., & Carter, S. (2005). The impact of gender, social capital and networks on business ownership: A research agenda. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 11(5), 338-357. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550510614999 DOI |
23 | Muhammad, A. D., Aliyu, S., & Ahmed, S. (2015). Entreprenuerial Intention Among Nigerian University Students. American Journal of Business Education (AJBE), 8(4), 239. https://doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v8i4.9419 DOI |
24 | Mwiya, B., Wang, Y., Shikaputo, C., Kaulungombe, B., & Kayekesi, M. (2017). Predicting the Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students: Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour in Zambia, Africa. Open Journal of Business and Management, 5(4), 592-610. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2017.54051 DOI |
25 | Nabi, G., LinaN, F., Fayolle, A., Krueger, N., & Walmsley, A. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurship education in higher education: A systematic review and research agenda. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 16(2), 277-299. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2015.0026 DOI |
26 | Naushad, M. (2018). A study on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions among Saudi students. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 5(3), 600-617. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2018.5.3(14) DOI |
27 | Naushad, M., & Malik, S. A. (2018). The mediating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in entrepreneurial intention - A study in Saudi Arabian context. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 16(1), 267-275. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(1).2018.26 DOI |
28 | Nguyen, X. T. (2020). Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Decision of Nascent Entrepreneurs Belonging Generation Y in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(8), 407-417. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no8.407 DOI |
29 | Paunescu, C., Popescu, M. C., & Duennweber, M. (2018). Factors determining desirability of entrepreneurship in Romania. Sustainability, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113893 |
30 | Rahman, M. A., Ali, M. J., Mamoon, Z. R., & Asheq, A. (2020). Understanding the Entrepreneurial Intention in the Light of Contextual Factors: Gender Analysis. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 639-647. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no9.639 DOI |
31 | Raposo, M. L. B., Matos Ferreira, J. J., Finisterra Do Paco, A. M., & Gouveia Rodrigues, R. J. A. (2008). Propensity to firm creation: Empirical research using structural equations. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(4), 485-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-008-0089-9 DOI |
32 | Sata, M. (2013). Entrepreneurial Intention Among Undergraduate Business Students'. International Journal of Research in Management, Economics and Commerce, 3(9), 33-48. |
33 | Soria-Barreto, K., Honores-Marin, G., Gutierrez-Zepeda, P., & Gutierrez-Rodriguez, J. (2017). Prior exposure and educational environment towards entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Technology Management and Innovation, 12(2), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242017000200006 DOI |
34 | Tran, A. T., Von Korflesch, H., & Atp, T. (2018). Social Entrepreneurship Intention: The Case of National Economics University's Students. Advance Research Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Discoveries I I Issue - Advance Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Discoveries. Advance Research Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Discoveries I, 232300(23), 27-34. |
35 | Iqbal, A., Melhem, Y., & Kokash, H. (2012). Readiness of the University Students Towards Entrepreneurship in Saudi Private University : an Exploratory Study. Eurpean Scientific Journal, 8(15), 109-131. |
36 | Vuong, B. N., Phuong, N. N. D., Huan, D. D., & Quan, T. N. (2020). A Model of Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention among Information Technology Students in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(8), 461-472. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no8.461 DOI |
37 | Wafa N. Almobaireek. (2012). Who wants to be an entrepreneur? Entrepreneurial intentions among Saudi university students. African Journal of Business Management, 6(11), 4029-4040. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbm11.1521 DOI |
38 | Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T DOI |
39 | Hmieleski, K. M., & Corbett, A. C. (2006). Proclivity for improvisation as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 44(1), 45-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2006.00153.x DOI |
40 | Hongdiyanto, C., Teofilus, T., Sutrisno, T., & Dewanti, P. S. P. (2020). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Learning towards Entrepreneurial Intention of Indonesian Women. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 573-582. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no9.573 DOI |
41 | Israr, M., & Saleem, M. (2018). Entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Italy. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0107-5 |
42 | Jahani, S., Babazadeh, M., Haghighi, S., & Cheraghian, B. (2018). The effect of entrepreneurship education on self-efficacy beliefs and entrepreneurial intention of nurses. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 12(6), LC18-LC21. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2018/31525.11654 |
43 | Kautonen, T., van Gelderen, M., & Fink, M. (2015). Robustness of the theory of planned behavior in predicting entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 39(3), 655-674. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12056 DOI |
44 | Amanamah, R. B., Acheampong, A., & Owusu, E. K. (2018). An exploratory study of entrepreneurial intention among university students in Ghana. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 7(1), 140-148. |
45 | Kolvereid, L., & Isaksen, E. J. (2012). The Psychology of the Entrepreneur. In Perspectives in Entrepreneurship (pp. 27-39). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-35809-6_3 |
46 | Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5), 411-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0 DOI |
47 | Yusof, M., Sandhu, M., & Jain, K. (2007). Relationship between psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial inclination: A case study of students at University Tun Abdul Razak (Unitar). Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 3(2), 1. |
48 | Al-Jubari, I., Hassan, A., & Linan, F. (2019). Entrepreneurial intention among University students in Malaysia: integrating self-determination theory and the theory of planned behavior. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(4), 1323-1342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0529-0 DOI |
49 | Ali, T. Ben. (2016). Explaining the intent to start a business among Saudi Arabian university students. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(2), 345-353. |
50 | Aloulou, W. J. (2016). Predicting entrepreneurial intentions of final year Saudi university business students by applying the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 23(4), 1142-1164. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-02-2016-0028 DOI |
51 | Ambad, S. N. A., & Damit, D. H. D. A. (2016). Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention Among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37(16), 108-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30100-9 DOI |
52 | Amouri, A., Sidrat, S., Boudabbous, S., & Boujelbene, Y. (2016). Effects of role models on developing entrepreneurial intention among graduate students in Tunisia. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 18(7), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1807037380 DOI |
53 | Audet, J. (2004). A Longitudinal Study of the Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 10(1-2), 3-16. |
54 | Autio, E., Keeley, R. H., Klofsten, M., & Ulfstedt, T. (1997). Entrepreneurial intent among students: Testing an intent model in Asia, Scandinavia, and USA. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research 1997, 133-147. |
55 | Linan, F. (2005). Development and Validation of an Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ). Fostering Entrepreneurship Through Education. Intent Conference (15). Retrieved from http://www.intent-conference.com/structure_default/ePilot40.asp?G=621&A=1 |
56 | Lee-Ross, D. (2017). An examination of the entrepreneurial intent of MBA students in Australia using the entrepreneurial intention questionnaire. Journal of Management Development, 36(9), 1180-1190. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmd-10-2016-0200 DOI |
57 | Lee, S. M., Lim, S. B., Pathak, R. D., Chang, D., & Li, W. (2006). Influences on students attitudes toward entrepreneurship: A multi-country study. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2(3), 351-366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-006-0003-2 DOI |
58 | Licht, A. N., & Siegel, J. I. (2009). The Social Dimensions of Entrepreneurship. In The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546992.003.0019 |
59 | Linan, Francisco, & Chen, Y. (2006). Testing the Entrepreneurial Intention Model on a two-country Sample. Documents de Treball, 06/7(November), 1-37. |
60 | Linan, Francisco, & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and crosscultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593-617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x DOI |
61 | Linan, Francisco, Nabi, G., & Kueger, N. (2013). British and Spanish entrepreneurial intentions: A comparative study. Revista de Economia Mundial, (33), 73-103. |
62 | Linan, Francisco, Rodriguez-Cohard, J. C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011a). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: A role for education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 195-218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0154-z DOI |
63 | Bird, B. (1988). Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4306970 DOI |
64 | Benzing, C., Chu, H. M., & Kara, O. (2009). Entrepreneurs in Turkey: A factor analysis of motivations, success factors, and problems. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(1), 58-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2008.00262.x DOI |
![]() |