Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.17555/jvc.2015.12.32.6.481

Determination of Pelvic Limb Alignment in Small-breed Dogs  

Kim, Jooho (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
Heo, SuYoung (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
Na, Jiyoung (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
Kim, Namsoo (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
Lee, Kichang (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
Jeong, Seongmok (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University)
Lee, HaeBeom (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Veterinary Clinics / v.32, no.6, 2015 , pp. 481-485 More about this Journal
Abstract
The present study determined the normal reference ranges for overall pelvic limb alignment of small-breed dogs. For this purpose, 60 cadaveric canine pelvic limbs from normal small-breed dogs (Maltese, Poodle, Shih Tzu, Yorkshire Terrier). A frontal full-limb radiograph of each pelvic limb was obtained, and mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA), mechanical metatarsotibial angle (mMTTA), mechanical axis-femur angle (MAFA), and mechanical axis-metatarsus angle (MAMTA) were measured from each radiograph, along with mechanical deviation of the stifle (SMAD) and tarsal joints (TMAD). The 95% CI for radiographic values of all pelvic limbs were mTFA, 5.7-7.4; mMTTA, $-2.2--0.8^{\circ}$; MAFA, $3.5-4.5^{\circ}$; MAMTA, 1.0-2.0; SMAD, 2.1-2.7%; TMAD, 0.5-1.0%. There values varied among the breeds, except for mTFA. The reference ranges can be used for diagnosing pelvic limb deformities in small-breed dogs and for planning corrective osteotomies.
Keywords
pelvic limb alignment; angular deformity; joint reference angles; corrective osteotomy; small-breed dog;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Cerejo R, Dunlop DD, Cahue S, Channin D, Song J, and Sharma L. The influence of alignment on risk of knee osteoarthritis progression according to baseline stage of disease. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 2632-2636.   DOI
2 Cooke T, Li J, and Scudamore RA. Radiographic assessment of bony contributions to knee deformity. Orthop Clin North Am 1994; 25: 387-393.
3 Cooke T, Scudamore R, Bryant J, Sorbie C, Siu D, and Fisher B. A quantitative approach to radiography of the lower limb. Principles and applications. J Bone Joint Surg British 1991; 73: 715-720.
4 Dismukes DI, Fox DB, Tomlinson JL, Cook JL, and Essman SC. Determination of pelvic limb alignment in the largebreed dog: a cadaveric radiographic study in the frontal plane. Vet Surg 2008; 37: 674-682.   DOI
5 Duggal N, Paci GM, Narain A, Bournissaint LG, and Nazarian A. A computer assessment of the effect of hindfoot alignment on mechanical axis deviation. Comput Methods Prog Biomed 2014; 113: 126-132.   DOI
6 Mathew S and Madhuri V. Clinical tibiofemoral angle in south Indian children. Bone Joint Res 2013; 2: 155-161.   DOI
7 Matsuda S, Whiteside LA, and White SE. The effect of varus tilt on contact stresses in total knee arthroplasty: a biomechanical study. Orthop 1999; 22: 303-307.
8 Mizuno Y, Kumagai M, Mattessich SM, Elias JJ, Ramrattan N, Cosgarea AJ, and Chao E. Q-angle influences tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics. J Orthop Res 2001; 19: 834-840.   DOI
9 Moreland JR, Bassett L, and Hanker G. Radiographic analysis of the axial alignment of the lower extremity. J Bone Joint Surg 1987; 69: 745-749.   DOI
10 Paley D and Tetsworth K. Mechanical axis deviation of the lower limbs: preoperative planning of uniapical angular deformities of the tibia or femur. Clin Orthop Related Res 1992; 280: 48-64.
11 Swanson EA, Tomlinson JL, Dismukes DI, and Fox DB. Measurement of Femoral and Tibial Joint Reference Angles and Pelvic Limb Alignment in Cats. Vet Surg 2012; 41: 696-704.   DOI
12 Talmo CT, Cooper AJ, Wuerz T, Lang JE, and Bono JV. Tibial component alignment after total knee arthroplasty with intramedullary instrumentation: a prospective analysis. J Arthroplasty 2010; 25: 1209-1215.   DOI
13 Tetsworth K and Paley D. Malalignment and degenerative arthropathy. Orthop Clin Nor Am 1994; 25: 367-377.
14 Weh JL, Kowaleski MP, and Boudrieau RJ. Combination tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and transverse corrective osteotomy of the proximal tibia for the treatment of complex tibial deformities in 12 dogs. Vet Surg 2011; 40: 670-686.   DOI
15 Werner FW, Ayers DC, Maletsky LP, and Rullkoetter PJ. The effect of valgus/varus malalignment on load distribution in total knee replacements. J Biomechanics 2005; 38: 349-355.   DOI
16 Won HH, Chang CB, Je MS, Chang MJ, and Kim TK. Coronal Limb Alignment and Indications for High Tibial Osteotomy in Patients Undergoing Revision ACL Reconstruction. Clin Orthop Related Res 2013; 471: 3504-3511.   DOI