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Review of Gender Differences in Medicine and Primary Factors Resulting in Gender Differences  

Kim, Hyun-Ju (Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University)
Choi, Jong-Min (Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University)
Kim, You-Jin (Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University)
Chae, Song-Wha (Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University)
Park, Jung-Hyun (Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University)
Oh, Ji-Hyun (Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University)
Kim, Kyung-Hee (Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University)
Heo, Jung-Sun (Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University)
Gwak, Hye-Sun (Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University)
Lee, Hwa-Jeong (Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy / v.20, no.2, 2010 , pp. 128-137 More about this Journal
Abstract
This review summarizes gender differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and adverse drug reactions. Gender differences in pharmacokinetics are categorized by four major factors: absorption/bioavailability, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. There are sex-based differences in gastric emptying time, gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity, apparent volume of distribution, ${\alpha}1$-acid glycoprotein level, phase I (CYP) and phase II metabolizing enzymes, glomerular filtration rate, and drug transporters. This review also reports gender differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cardiovascular agents, central nervous system acting agents and antiviral agents. In addition, it has been reported that females experience more adverse reactions such as coughing, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, rash, hypersensitivity, hepatotoxicity, and metabolic disorder after taking cardiovascular, central nervous system acting and antiviral agents. Therefore, in order to provide optimal drug dosage regimens both in male and female, gender differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and adverse drug reactions must be considered.
Keywords
gender differences; pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics; adverse drug reaction;
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