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Imaging and Clinical Features of Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents  

Lee, Kang-Young (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital)
Hong, Hyun-Sook (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital)
Lee, Eun-Hye (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital)
Yi, Beom-Ha (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital)
Lee, Hae-Kyung (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital)
Lee, Yong-Wha (Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital)
Koh, Eun-Suk (Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology / v.65, no.2, 2011 , pp. 181-189 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate clinical and imaging features of pediatric thyroid cancer, including $BRAF^{V600E}$ mutation status in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Materials and Methods: We evaluated clinical findings including $BRAF^{V600E}$ status, ultrasound (US), and CT features of 13 pediatric patients with thyroid cancer. US findings were retrospectively analyzed for location, presence of a nodule, echotexture, echogenicity, calcifications, margin, shape, intranodular vascularity and abnormal lymph nodes. CT characteristics of the lesions, including attenuation, calcification, and measured degree of enhancement, were assessed. Results: The patients included three boys and ten girls with a mean age of 15.5 years (range 6-18 years). No patient was exposed to radiation. Palpable neck mass was the most common presentation. Eleven of 13 patients (84.6%) were diagnosed with PTC, and two (15.4%) had follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Nine of 13 (69.2%) had high T-staging. $BRAF^{V600E}$ mutations were detected in 30.0% of PTC patients. A diffusely enlarged thyroid with calcifications (n = 2) or nodules (n = 7) was detected on US. All PTC nodules showed malignant US findings and one FTC displayed on indeterminate nodule. Nodules generally showed low attenuation on enhanced CT (n = 11/12). Conclusion: US demonstrated enlarged glands with calcifications or nodules. Diffusely enlarged thyroids with microcalcifications should be evaluated using fine-needle aspiration. A low attenuation nodule was a common finding on enhanced CT.
Keywords
Thyroid Neoplasms; Child; Ultrasonography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-Raf;
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