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http://dx.doi.org/10.15616/BSL.2021.27.4.195

Molecular Characteristics and Exotoxins of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus  

Bae, Jinyoung (Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan)
Jin, Hyunwoo (Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan)
Kim, Jungho (Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan)
Park, Min (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Masan University)
Lee, Jiyoung (Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan)
Kim, Sunghyun (Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan)
Publication Information
Biomedical Science Letters / v.27, no.4, 2021 , pp. 195-207 More about this Journal
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterial pathogen capable of causing human diseases, such as soft tissue infection, bacteremia, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, pneumonia, and sepsis. Although the incidence rate of diseases caused by MRSA has declined in recent years, these diseases still pose a clinical threat due to their consistently high morbidity and mortality rates. However, the role of virulence factors in staphylococcal infections remains incompletely understood. Methicillin resistance, which confers resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics in cellular islets, is mediated by the mecA gene in the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). Differences in SCCmec types and differences in their sizes and structures serve epidemiological purposes and are used to differentiate between hospital-associated (HA)-MRSA and community-associated (CA)-MRSA. Some virulence factors of S. aureus are also providing a distinction between HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA. These factors vary depending on the presence of toxins, adhesion, immune evasion, and other virulence determinants. In this review, we summarized an overview of MRSA such as resistance mechanisms, SCCmec types, HA- and CA-MRSA, and virulence factors that enhance pathogenicity or MRSA epidemiology, transmission, and genetic diversity.
Keywords
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec; Hospital-associated-MRSA; Community-associated MRSA; Exotoxins;
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