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A Case Study of Mortality Caused by Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy (VER) in Cultured Sevenband Grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus during Winter  

Won, Kyoung Mi (Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Lee, Jeong Tae (GyeongSangNamDo Fisheries Resources Research Institute)
Cho, Mi Young (Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Kim, Myoung Sug (Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Kim, Na Young (Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Jung, Sung Hee (Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Lee, Nam Sil (Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Ichthyology / v.29, no.3, 2017 , pp. 157-164 More about this Journal
Abstract
In 2015, a nervous necrosis virus (NNV) was isolated from sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus, maintained in land-based aquaculture system at below $12^{\circ}C$ in winter. Mortality was up to 30% in brood fish, over 4 kg of body weight. Moribund fish showed clinical sings typical of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), also called viral nervous necrosis (VNN), such as uncoordinated, corkscrew-like swimming behavior, belly-up at rest, darkening of body, cloudy eyeball and hyperinflation of the swim bladder. Aetiology of the disease was confirmed by gross observation of clinical signs, histopathology and molecular diagnosis. Histological studies revealed severe vacuolation and necrosis in the brain. Molecular diagnosis by revere transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) specific to batanodavirus yielded a positive result. The nucleotide sequences of the PCR-amplified fragment were 99.48~100% similar to barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV) genotype and most closely aligned with Pacific cod betanodavirus (PCNNV). This is the first report of natural batanodavirus, NNV infection in sevenband grouper reared in low water temperature during winter (below $12^{\circ}C$) in Korea.
Keywords
VER; NNV; sevenband grouper; winter; RT-PCR;
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