Browse > Article

Enzymatic Characterization and Classifications of Chitosanases  

Jung, Woo-Jin (Glucosamine Saccharide Materials Laboratory (NRL), Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Chonnam National University)
Kuk, Ju-Hee (Glucosamine Saccharide Materials Laboratory (NRL), Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Chonnam National University)
Kim, Kil-Yong (Glucosamine Saccharide Materials Laboratory (NRL), Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Chonnam National University)
Park, Zee-Yong (Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)
Park, Ro-Dong (Glucosamine Saccharide Materials Laboratory (NRL), Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Chonnam National University)
Publication Information
Applied Biological Chemistry / v.48, no.1, 2005 , pp. 16-22 More about this Journal
Abstract
Many chitosanases, glycosyl hydrolases that catalyze the degradation of chitosan, have been found in microorganism. In this paper, classification of the enzyme has been described, which is based on the amino acid sequence (families) and splitting patterns (subclasses). Glycohydrolytic mechanisms such as inversion and retention of the substrate anomer are also discussed in context of the families. Interrelationship among the primary structure, clan, anomeric conversion and the splitting patterns has been suggested. In addition, advanced definition of chitosanase was introduced through the investigation of enzymatic products from partially N-acetylated chitosan as a substrate.
Keywords
chitosanase; glycosyl hydrolase; mode of action; transglycosylation; classification of microbial chitosanase; chitosanase family;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Henrissat, B. and Davies, G. (1977) Structural and sequencebased classification of glycoside hydrolases. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 7, 637-644   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Henrissat, B. and Bairoch, A. (1996) Updating the sequencebased classification of glycosyl hydrolases. Biochem. J. 316, 695-696
3 Fenton, D. M. and Eveleigh, D. E. (1981) Purification and mode of action of a chitosanase from Penicillium islandicum. J. Gen. Microbiol. 126, 151-165
4 Naito, M., Seki, K., Hirai, N., Mitsutomi, M. and Uchida, Y. (2004) Purification and characterization of chitosanase from Streptomyces sp. NO3. Chitin Chitosan Res. 10, 96-97
5 Choi, Y. J., Ryu, M. J., Kim, E. J., Kim, Y. S. and Shin, Y. C. (1999) Characterization, commercial production, and applications of a chitosanase from Bacillus sp. KCTC0377BP. in Proceeding International Symposium on Utilization of Chitin and Chitosan (Mokpo, Korea), pp. 112-134
6 Mitsutomi, M., Isono, M., Uchiyama, A., Nikaido, N., Ikegami, T. and Watanabe, T. (1998) Chitosanase activity of the enzyme previously reported as ${\beta}$-1,3-1,4-glucanase form Bacillus circulans WL-12. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 62, 2107-2114
7 Ando, A., Kobayashi, T., Morosawa, H., Okajima, S., Shinoyama, H. and Fujii, T. (1993) Molecular structure of chitosanase gene of Bacillus circulans MH-K1. Tech. Bull. Fac. Hort., Chiba Univ. Japan 47, 45-51
8 Izume, M., Nagae, S., Kawagishi, H., Mitsutomi, M. and Ohtakara, A. (1992) Action pattern of Bacillus sp. No. 7-M chitosanase on partially N-acetylated chitosan. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 56, 448-453   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Fukamizo, T., Ohkawa. T., Ikeda, Y. and Goto, S. (1994) Specificity of chitosanase from Bacillus pumilus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1205, 183-188
10 Sinnott, M. L. (1991) Catalytic mechanisms of enzymic glycosyl transfer. Chem. Rev. 90, 1170-1202   DOI
11 Hollis, T., Honda, Y., Fukamizo, T. and Marcotte, E. (1997) Kinetic analysis of barley chitinase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 344, 335-342   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Terwisscha, van., Scheltinga, A. C., Armand, S., Kalk, K. H., Isogai, A., Henrissat B. and Dijkstra, B. W. (1995) Stereochemistry of chitin hydrolysis by a plant chitinase/lysozyme and X-ray structure of a complex with allosamidin:evidence for substrate assisted catalysis. Biochemistry 34, 15619-15623   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Marcotte, E., Hart, P. J., Boucher, J., Brzezinski, R. and Robertus, J. D. (1993) Crystallisation of a chitosanase from Streptomyces N-174. J. Mol. Biol. 232, 995-996   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Sakon, J., Adney, W. S., Himmel, M. E., Thomas, S. R. and Karplus, P. A. (1996) Crystal structure of thermostable Family 5 endocellulase E1 from Acidothermus cellulyticus in complex with cellotetraose. Biochemistry 35, 10648-10660   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Shimosaka, M., Fukumori, Y., Zhang, X. Y., He, N. J., Kodaira, R. and Okazaki, M. (2000) Molecular cloning and characterization of a chitosanase from the chitosanolytic bacterium Burkhalderia gladioli strain CHB101. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 54, 354-360   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Saito, J. and Ando, A. (1996) The forefront of chitosanase research. Chitin Chitosan Res. 2, 187-196
17 IUBMB (1992) Enzyme Nomenclature. Academic Press, San Diego
18 Park, R. D. and Jin, Y. L. (2000) Characteristics, mode of action, and classification of microbial chitosanases. Kor. J. Chitin Chitosan 5, 207-216
19 Marcotte, E. M., Monzingo, A. F., Ernst, S. R., Brzezinski, R. and Robertus, J. D. (1996) X-ray structure of an anti-fungal chitosanase from Streptomyces N174. Nat. Struct. Biol. 3, 155-162   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Okajima, S., Kinouchi, T., Mikami, Y. and Ando, A. (1995) Purification and some properties of a chitosanase Nocardioides sp. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 41, 351-357   DOI
21 Uchida, Y., Takeda, H., Ohtuma, A. and Seki, K. (1995) Purification and properties of $exo-\beta -D-glucosaminidase $ from Penicillum sp. and its application. Chitin Chitosan Res. 1, 138-139
22 Alzari, P. M., Souchon, H. and Dominguez, R. (1996) The crystal structure of endoglucanase CelA, a Family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Clostridium thermocellum. Structure 4, 265-275   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Kimoto, H., Kusaoke, H., Yamamoto, I., Fujii, Y., Onodera, T. and Taketo, A. (2002) Biochemical and genetic properties of Paenibacillus glycosyl hydrolase having chitosanase activity and discoidin domain. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 14695-14702   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Tremblay, H., Blanchard. J. and Brzezinski, R. (2000) A common molecular signature unifies the chitosanases belonging to families 46 and 80 of glycoside hydrolases. Can. J. Microbiol. 46, 952-955   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Iseli, B., Armand, S., Boller, T., Neuhaus, J. M. and Henrissat, B. (1996) Plant chitinases use two hydrolytic mechanisms. FEBS Lett. 382, 186-188   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
26 Mitsutomi, M., Kidoh, H. and Ando, A. (1995) Action of chitosanase on partially N-acetylated chitosan. Chitin Chitosan Res. 1, 132-133
27 Yamada, T., Hiramatsu, S., Songsri, P. and Fujie, M. (1997) Alternative expression of a chitosanase gene produces two different proteins in cells infected with Chlorella virus CVK2. Virology 230, 361-368   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Tanabe, T., Morinaga, K., Fukamizo, T. and Mitsutomi, M. (2003) Novel chitosanase from Streptomyces griseus HUT 6037 with transglycosylation activity. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 67, 354-364   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Masson, J. Y., Denis, F. and Brzezinski, R. (1994) Primary sequence of the chitosanase from Streptomyces sp. strain N174 and comparison with other endoglycosidases. Gene 140, 103-107   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Shimosaka, M., Kuroiwa, K. and Okazaki, M. (2002) Cloning of a chitosanase gene from the fungus Fusarium solani. in DataBase
31 Dominguez, R., Souchon, H., Lascombe, M. B. and Alzari, P. M. (1996) The crystal structure of a Family 5 endoglucanase mutant in complexed and uncomplexed forms reveals an induced fit activation mechanism. J. Mol. Biol. 257, 1042-1051   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Akiyama, K., Fujita, T., Kuroshima, K., Sakane, T., Yokota, A. and Takata, R. (1999) Purification and gene cloning of a chitosanase from Bacillus ehimensis EAG1. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 87, 383-385   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Armand, S., Tomita, H., Heyraud, A., Gey, C., Watanabe, T. and Henrissat, B. (1996) Stereochemical course of the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by chitinase A1 and D from Bacillus circulans WL-12. FEBS Lett. 343, 177-180   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
34 Somashekar, D. and Jaseph, R. (1996) Chitosanases-properties and applications: A review. Biore. Tech. 55, 35-45   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Masson, J. Y., Boucher, I., Neugebauer, W. A., Ramotar, D. and Brzezinski, R. (1995) A new chitosanase gene from a Nocardioides sp. is a third member of glycosyl hydrolase family 46. Microbiology. 141, 2629-2635   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Sakai, K., Katsumi, R., Isobe, A. and Nanjo, F. (1991) Purification and hydrolytic action of a chitosanase from Nocardia orientalis. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1079, 65-72
37 Davies, G. and Henrissat, B. (1995) Structures and mechanisms of glycosyl hydrolases. Structure 3, 853-859   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Shimosaka, M., Kumehara, M., Zhang, X. Y., Nogawa, M. and Okazaki, M. (1996) Cloning and characterization of a chitosanase gene from the plant pathogenic fungus. Fusarium solani. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 82, 426-431   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Ohno, T., Armand, S., Hata, T., Nikaidou, N., Henrissat, B., Mitsutomim, M. and Watanabe, T. (1996) A modular family 19 chitinase found in the prokaryotic organisms Streptomyces griseus HUT 6037. J. Bacteriol. 178, 5065-5070
40 Fukamizo T., Koga D. and Goto S. (1995) Comparative biochemistry of chitinases-anomeric form of the reaction products. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 59, 311-313   DOI
41 Henrissat, B. (1991) A classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid sequence similarities. Biochem. J. 280, 309-316
42 Jo, Y. Y., Jo, K. J., Jin, Y. L., Kim, K. Y., Shim, J. H., Kim, Y. W. and Park, R. D. (2003) Characterization and kinetics of 45 kDa chitosanase from Bacillus sp. P16. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 67, 1875-1882   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Seki K., Kuriyama H., Okuda Y. and Uchida Y. (1997) Molecular cloning of the gene encoding chitosanase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UTK. Adv. Chitin Chitosan 2, 284-289
44 Park, J. K., Shimono, K., Ochiai, N., Shigeru, K., Kurita, M., Ohta, Y., Tanaka, K., Matsuda, H. and Kawamukai, M. (1999) Purification, characterization, and gene analysis of a chitosanase (ChoA) from Matsuebacter chitosanotabidus 3001. J. Bacteriol. 181, 6642-6649
45 Matsuda, Y., Iida, Y., Shinogi, T., Kakutani, K., Nonomura, T. and Toyoda, H. (2001) In vitro suppression of mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum by extracellular chitosanase of Sphingobacterium multivorum and cloning of the chitosanase gene csnSM1. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 67, 318-324   DOI   ScienceOn
46 Fukamizo, T., Honda, Y., Goto, S., Boucher, I. and Brzezinski, R. (1995) Reaction mechanism of chitosanase from Streptomyces sp. N174. Biochem. J. 311, 377-383
47 McCarter, J. D. and Withers, S. G. (1994) Mechanisms of enzymatic glycoside hydrolysis. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 4, 885-892   DOI   ScienceOn
48 Ivanova, N., Sorokin, A., Anderson, I., Galleron, N., Candelon, B., Kapatral, V., Bhattacharyya, A., Reznik, G., Mikhailova, N., Lapidus, A., Chu, L., Mazur, M., Goltsman, E., Larsen, N., D'Souza, M., Walunas, T., Grechkin, Y., Pusch, G., Haselkorn, R., Fonstein, M., Ehrlich, D. S. D., Overbeek, R. and Kyrpides, N. (2003) Genome sequence of Bacillus cereus and comparative analysis with Bacillus anthracis. Nature 423, 87-91   DOI   ScienceOn
49 Seki, K., Nakamura, T., Shimoda, H., Mitsutomi, M. and Uchida, Y. (2000) Family 8 chitosanase from Bacillus sp. No. 928. in Proceeding 8th ICCC and 4th APCCS. (Yamaguchi, Japan), p. 204
50 Mitsutomi, M., Ueda, M., Arai, M., Ando, A. and Watanabe, T. (1996) Action patterns of microbial chitinases and chitosanases on partially N-acetylated chitosan. Chitin Enzymol. 2, 273-284
51 Uchida, Y. and Ohtakara, A. (1988) Chitosanase from Bacillus species. Method Enzymol. 161, 501-505   DOI
52 Ozaki, K., Sumitomo, N. and Ito, S. (1991) Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding and endo-1,4-beta-glucanase from Bacillus sp. KSM-330. J. Gen. Microbiol. 137, 2299-2305
53 Ando, A., Noguchi, K., Yanagi, M., Shinoyama, H., Kagawa, Y., Hirata, H., Yabuki, M. and Fujii, T. (1992) Primary structure of chitosanase produced by Bacillus circulans MHK1. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 38, 135-144   DOI
54 Ando, A., Fuchigami, H., Miyatsuchi, D. and Nakayama, S. (2000) Chitosanase gene of Amycolatopsis sp. CsO-2. in DataBase
55 Yoon, H. G., Kim, H. Y., Lim, Y. H., Kim, H. K., Shin, D. H., Hong, B. S. and Cho, H. Y. (2000) Thermostable chitosanase from Bacillus sp. strain CK4: cloning and expression of the gene and characterization of the enzyme. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 3727-3734   DOI   ScienceOn