Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9718/JBER.2017.38.6.277

Development of Micro Wired pH Electrode for Real-Time Monitoring for Gastroesophageal Reflux  

Kim, Eung-Bo (Departments of Electronics and Control Engineering, Hanbat National University)
Lee, Kyu-Jin (Departments of Electronics and Control Engineering, Hanbat National University)
So, Sang-Kyun (Departments of Electronics and Control Engineering, Hanbat National University)
Joung, Yeun-Ho (Departments of Electronics and Control Engineering, Hanbat National University)
Park, Jung Ho (Departments of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine)
Kim, Nam Hee (Departments of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research / v.38, no.6, 2017 , pp. 277-284 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper presents an implantable pH measurement electrode for wireless gastroesophageal reflux measurement. Usually, gastroesophageal reflux is diagnosed by a catheter-type wire connection between the esophagus and the diagnostic device which brings many side effects such as restriction of daily living, pain, and discomfort in the nasal cavity and pharynx of patients. In order to solve these issues, researchers have been studied a wireless measurement method and a micro-sized pH electrode for human body insertion is necessary. Commercial glass packaged pH meter is formed by a sensing and a reference electrodes in a KCl solution. However, if the glass meter is inserted into the human body, there are risks of leakage of the solution, breakage of the glass package, injury of the body elements. Therefore, the solution should be solidified on the micro-sized noble metal wire which has a characteristic of biocompatible. After solidified wire fabrication, the designed meter was tested for feasibility of measurement and the result was well agreed with pH values of commercial pH meter. Potentials in pH 1 to 12 solution was measured to obtain the sensitivity of the sensor with linearity. And we have designed a simulation of gastroesophageal reflux with symptom frequency, interval, and duration time in pH 2 solution. The proposed sensor has capable to get the same potential for 24 measurements in 3 days, and it has sensed same pH values of 2 for one hour with every 10 minutes. Furthermore, the sensor was survived for 48 hours with reasonable potentials in the acid solution.
Keywords
GERD; pH electrode; Micro wire; Ir/IrOx; Sensor;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 N. Vakil, S.V. Van Zanten, P. Kahrilas and J. Dent, "The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence-based consensus", Am J Gastroenterol, vol. 101, pp. 1900-1920, 2006.   DOI
2 H.S. Kim, M. Sohn and U.D. Sohn, "Survey of Life and Dietary Styles on Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease", Korean J Clin Pharm, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 248-254, 2014.
3 T.S. Kim, S.C. Park and S.J. Lee, "Nonerosive Reflux Disease", Korean J Med, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 27-34, 2015.   DOI
4 American Gastroenterological Association, "American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: guidelines on the use of esophageal pH recording", Gastroenterology, vol. 110, pp. 1981, 1996.   DOI
5 H.K. Jung, S.J. Hong, Y. Jo, S.W. Jeon, Y.K. Cho, K.J. Lee, J.S. Lee, H.Y. Park, E.S. Shin, S.H. Lee, S.U. Han and The Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motillity, "Updated Guidelines 2012 for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease", Korean J Gastroenterol, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 195-218, 2012.   DOI
6 J.G. Webster, The Measurement Instrumentation and Sensors Handbook, CRC Press and IEEE Press, Florida, 1999, p.71.
7 P. Van sek, "The glass pH electrode" Electrochem. Soc. Interface, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 19-20, 2004.
8 S. Yao, M. Wang and M. Madou, "A pH Electrode Based on Melt-Oxidized Iridium Oxide", J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 148, no. 4, pp. 29-36, 2001.
9 M.J. Madou and S.R. Morrison, "Chemical Sensing with Solid State Devices", Academic Press, New York 1989.
10 J.V. Dobson, P.R. Snodin and H.R. Thirsk, "EMF measurements of cells employing metal-metal oxide electrodes in aqueous chloride and sulphate electrolytes at temperatures between $25-250^{\circ}C$", Electrochimica Acta, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 527-533, 1976.   DOI
11 T. Katsube, I. Lauks and J.N. Zemel, "pH-sensitive sputtered iridium oxide films", Sensor Actuators, vol. 2, pp. 399-410, 1981-1982.
12 I. Lauks, M.F. Yuen and T. Dietz, "Electrically free-standing IrOitx thin film electrodes for high temprature, corrosive environment pH sensing", Sensor Actuators, vol. 4, pp. 375- 379, 1983.   DOI
13 M.L. Hitchman and S. Ramanathan, "Evaluation of iridium oxide electrodes formed by potential cycling as pH probes", Analyst, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 35-39, 1988.   DOI
14 K. Izutsu and H. Yamamoto, "Response of an Iridium Oxide pH-Sensor in Nonaqueous Solutions. Comparison with Other pH-Sensors", Anal Sci, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 905, 1996.   DOI
15 M. Ue and J.F. Coetzee, "Potentiometric Measurements with an Iridium Oxide Electrode in Dimethyl-Sulfoxide", Electrochemistry, Denki Kagaku oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 401-406, 1997.
16 S. Bhadra, W. Blunt, C. Dynowski, M. McDonald, D.J. Thomson, M.S. Freund, C. Nazim and G.E. Bridges, "Fluid Embeddable Coupled Coil Sensor for Wireless pH Monitoring in a Bioreactor", IEEE T Instroum Meas, vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 1337-1346, 2014.   DOI
17 T. Jang, B.S. Kim, S.M. Kim, K.Y. Choo, J.H. Oh, Y.G. Hyun, S.H. Park, M.G. Choi, J.Y. Han, J.K. Kim, I.S. Chung, K.W. Chung and H.S. Sun, "The Pattern of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease", Korean J Gastrointest Motil, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 173-179, 2000.
18 M.L. Hitchman and S. Ramanathan, "A field-induced poising technique for promoting convergence of standard electrode potential values of thermally oxidized iridium pH sensors", Talanta, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 137-144, 1992.   DOI
19 M.A. Nolan, S.H. Tan and S.P. Kounaves, "Fabrication and Characterization of a Solid State Reference Electrode for Electroanalysis of Natural Waters with Ultramicroelectrodes" Anal. Chem, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 1244-1247, 1997.   DOI