Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9718/JBER.2007.28.4.503

A Study on an Optimal Respiration Rate for the ANS Assessment based on RSA Analysis  

Lee, Sang-Myung (Department of Electronic Engineering, Hallym University)
Lee, Sung-Jun (Department of Electronic Engineering, Hallym University)
Ahn, Jae-Mok (Department of Electronic Engineering, Hallym University)
Kim, Jeom-Keun (Department of Electronic Engineering, Hallym University)
Publication Information
Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research / v.28, no.4, 2007 , pp. 503-511 More about this Journal
Abstract
Heart rate variability(HRV) is the clinical consequence of various influences of the autonomic nervous system(ANS) on heart beat. HRV can estimate the potential physiologic rhythm from the interval between consecutive beats(RR interval or HRV data), but cardiovascular system governed by ANS is in relation to respiration and autonomic regulation. It is known as RSA representing respiration-related HR rhythmic oscillation. Because the mechanism linking the variability of HR to respiration is complex, it has so far been unknown well. In this paper, we tried to evaluate 5-min RR interval segments under control of respiration in order to find out a proper respiration rate that can estimate the ANS function. 10 healthy volunteers were included to evaluate 5-min HRV data under 4 different respiration-controlled environments; 0.03Hz, 0.1Hz, 0.2Hz, and 0.4Hz respiration. HRV data were analyzed both in the frequency and the time domain, with cross-correlation coefficient(cross-coeff.) for HRV and respiration signal. The results showed maximum cross-coeff. of 0.84 at 0.1 Hz and minimum that of 0.16 at 0.4Hz respiration. Cross-coeff was decreased at a faster rate from 0.1Hz respiration. All mean SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50 of time domain measures were 108.7ms, 71.85ms, and 28.47%, respectively, and LF, HF, and TP of frequency domain measures were $12,722ms^2,\;658.8ms^2$, and $7,836.64ms^2$ at 0.1Hz respiration, respectively. In conclusion, 0.1Hz respiration was observed to be very meaningful from time domain and frequency domain analysis in relation to respiration and autonomic regulation of the heart.
Keywords
heart rate variability; respiration; autonomic regulation;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Poyhonen M, Syvaoja S, Hartikainen J, Ruokonen E, Takala J., 'The effect of carbon dioxide, respiratory rate and tidal volume on human heart rate variability,' Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinaviac, vol. 48, pp. 93-101, 2004   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Furutani Y, Shiigi T, Nakamura H, Nakamura Y, Ishizaki H, Uchiyama K et al., 'Influence of the dead space induced by the face mask on the measure of heart rate variability,' Journal of Cardiology, vol. 29, no. 171-6, 1997   PUBMED
3 Task Force of The European Society of Cardiology and The North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, 'Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use,' European Heart Journal, vol. 17,pp. 354-381, 1996   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
4 Bernardi L, Rossi M, Ricordi L, 'Clinical assessment of respiratory sinus arrhythmia by computerized analysis of RR interval and respiration,' Giornale Italiano di Cardiologia, vol. 22, pp. 517-529, 1992   PUBMED
5 Strauss-Blasche G, Moser M, Voica M, McLeod DR, Klammer N, Marktl W., 'Relative timing of inspiration and expiration affects respiratory sinus Arrhythmia,' Clinical Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, vol. 27, pp. 601-6, 2000   DOI   ScienceOn
6 L. Bernardi, A. Calciati, A. Gratarola, I. Battistin, P. Fratino, G. Finardi, 'Heart rate-respiration relationship: computerized method for early assessment of cardiac autonomic damage in diabetic patients,' Acta Cardiologica, vol. XLI., pp.197-206, 3, 1986
7 Henry RA, Lu IL, Beightol LA, Eckberg DL, 'Interactions between CO2 chemoreflexes and arterial baroreflexes,' American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology, vol. 274, pp. H2177-87, 1998
8 Lt Col KK Tripathi, 'Respiration and heart rate variability: A review with special reference to its application in aerospace medicine,' Indian Society of Aerospace Medicine, vol. 48(1), pp. 64-75, 2004
9 Schipke JD, Arnold G, Pelzer M, 'Effect of respiration rate on short-term heart rate variability,' Journal Clinical and Basic Cardiology, vol. 2(Issue 1), pp. 92-95, 1999
10 HeartMath Research center, Autonomic Assessment Report: A Comprehensive Heart Rate Variability Analysis, 1996
11 Bernardi L, Calciati A, Marti G, Ricordi L, Rossi M, Fratino P, 'Beside diagnosis of cardiac autonomic damage by computerized analysis of heart rate-respiration relationship,' Acta Diabetologica Latina, vol. 23, pp. 141-54, 1986   DOI
12 L Bernardi, M Rossi, F Soffiantino, G Marti, L Ricordi, G Finardi and P Fratino, 'Cross-correlation of heart rate and respiration versus deep breathing. Assessment of a new test of cardiac autonomic function in diabetes,' A journal of the American Diabetes Association, vol. 38, pp. 589-96, 1989   DOI   ScienceOn