Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2013.23.3.225

Effect of a Prolonged-run-induced Fatigue on the Ground Reaction Force Components  

Ryu, Ji-Seon (Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of Lifetime Sport of Korea National Sport University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics / v.23, no.3, 2013 , pp. 225-233 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the potential injury via analyzing ground reaction force components that were resulted from a prolonged-run-induced fatigue. For the present study, passive and active components of the vertical ground reaction force were determined from time and frequency domain. Shear components of GRF also were calculated from time and frequency domain. Twenty subjects with rear foot contact aged 20 to 30, no experience in injuries of the extremities, were requested to run on the instrumented tread-mill for 160 minutes at their preference running speed. GRF signals for 10 strides were collected at 5, 35, 65, 95, 125, and 155 minute during running. In conclusions, there were no significant difference in the magnitude of passive force, impact load rate, frequency of the passive and active components in vertical GRF between running times except the magnitude of active force (p<.05). The magnitude of active force was significantly decreased after 125 minute run. The magnitude of maximum peak and maximum frequency of the mediolateral GRF at heel strike and toe-off have not been changed with increasing running time. The time up to the maximum peak of the anteroposterior at heel-strike moment tend to decrease (p<.05), but the maximum peak and frequency of that at heel and toe-off moment didn't depend significantly on running time.
Keywords
Ground Reaction Force; GRF; Running;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Voloshin, A. S., & Wosk, J. (1982). An in-vivo study of low back pain and shock absorption in the human locomotor system. Journal of Biomechanics, 15(1), 21-27.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Whittle, M. W. (1999). Generation and attenuation of transient impulsive forces beneath the foot: a review. Gait and Posture, 10(3), 264-275.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Williams, K. R., Snow, R., & Agruss, C. (1991). Changes in distance running kinematics with fatigue. International Journal of Sports Biomechanics, 7(2), 138-162.   DOI
4 Wilmore, J. H., & Costill, D. L. (1994). Physiology of sport and exercise. Human kinetics, 110-522.
5 Agruber, A. H., Davis, I. S., & Hamill, J. (2011). Frequency content of the vertical ground reaction force component during rearfoot and forefoot running patterns. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43, S720.
6 Bredeweg, S., & Buist, I. (2011). No relationship between running related injuries and kinetic variables. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45, 310-384.
7 Brggemann, G. P., & Arndt, A. (1994). Fatigue and lower extremity function. Proceedings of 8th Biennial Conference of the Canadian Society of Biomechanics, 316-317.
8 Brggemann, G. P., Arndt, A., Kersting, U. G., & Knicker, A. J. (1995). Influence of fatigue on impact force and rearfoot motion during running. Proceedings of International Society of Biomechanics, 132-133.
9 Cavanagh, P. R., & Lafortune, M. A. (1980). Ground reaction forces in distance running. Journal of Biomechanics, 13, 397- 406.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Collins, J., & Whittle, M. W. (1989). Impulsive forces during walking and their clinical implications. Clinical Biomechanics 4(3), 179-187.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Derrick, T. R., Dereu, D., & McLean, S. (2002). Impacts and kinematic adjustments during an exhaustive run. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(6), 998-1002.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Dickinson, J. A., Cook, S. D., & Leinhardt, T. M. (1985). The measurement of shock waves following heel strike while running. Journal of Biomechanics, 18(6), 415-422.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Dierks, T. A., Davis, I. S., & Hamill, J. (2010). The effects of running in an exerted state on lower extremity kinematics and joint timing. Journal of Biomechanics, 43(5), 2993-2998.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Duffey, M. J., Martin, D. F., Cannon, D. W., Craven, T., & Messier, S. P. (2000). Etiologic factors associated with anterior knee pain in distance runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(11), 1825-1832.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Elliot, B., & Ackland, T. (1981). Biomechanical effects of fatigue on 10,000 meter running technique. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 52(2), 160-166.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Finni, T., Kyrlinen, H., Avela, J., & Komi, P. V. (2003) Maximal but not submaximal performance is reduced by constant-speed 10-km run. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 43(4), 411-417.
17 Frederick E., & Hagy J. (1986). Factors affecting peak vertical ground reaction forces in running. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 2(1), 41-49.   DOI
18 Gerlach, K. E., White, S. C., Burton, H. W., Dorn, J. M., Leddy, J. J., & Horvath, P. J. (2005). Kinetic changes with fatigue and relationship to injury in female runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(4), 657-663.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Hamill, J., Freedson, P. S., Boda, W. L., & Reichsman, F. (1988). Effects of shoe type and cardiorespiratory responses and rearfoot motion during treadmill running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 20.(5), 515-521.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Gheluwe, B. V., Kopriva, N., Madsen, C. (1995). Rearfoot motion in running prior to volitional exhaustion. Proceedings of XV Congress of International Society of Biomechanics, 958-959.
21 Hamill, J., & McNiven, S. (1990). Reliability of selected ground reaction force parameters during walking. Human Movement Science, 9(2), 117-131.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Hatze, H. (1997). A three-dimensional multivariate model of passive human joint torques and articular boundaries. Journal of Clinical Biomechanics, 12(2), 128-135.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Hreljac, A., Marshall, R. N., & Hume, P. A. (2000). Evaluation of lower extremity overuse injury potential in runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(9), 1635-1641.
24 Hunter, I., & Smith, G. A. (2000). Effect of fatigue on preferred and most economical stride frequency in treadmill running. Proceedings of XIth Congress of the Canadian Socity for Biomechanics,
25 Jean-Benoit, M., Pierre, S., & Guillaume, Y. H. (2011). Changes in running kinematics, kinetics, and spring-mass behavior over a 24-h run. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(5), 829-836.
26 Kang, H., Kim, D., Seo, J., Yi, Y., & Park, S. (2008). Muscle fatigue compensating exoskeleton. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 5, 191-192
27 Miller, B. J., Pate, R. R., & Burgess, W. (1988). Foot impact force and intravascular hemolysis during distance running. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 9(1), 56-60.   DOI
28 Nicholas, S., Giannis, G., Jennifer, E. B., & Valerie, P. (2002). Frequency domain characteristics of ground reaction forces during walking of young and elderly females, Clinical Biomechanics, 17, 615-617.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Milner, C. E., Ferber, R. C., Pollard, C. D., Hamill, J., & Davis, I. S. (2006). Biomechanical factors associated with tibial stress fracture in female runners. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 38(2), 323-328.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Nicol, C., Komi P. V., & Marconnet, P. (1991). Fatigue effects of marathon running on neuromuscular performance changes in muscle force and stiffness characteristics. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 1(1), 10-17.
31 Nigg, B. M., Bahlsen, H. A., Luethi, S. M., & Stokes, S. (1987). The influence of running velocity and midsole hardness on external impact forces in heel-toe running. Journal of Biomechanics, 20(10), 951-959.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Nigg, B. M., & Bobbert, M. (1990). On the potential of various approaches in load analysis to reduce the frequency of sports injuries. Journal of biomechanics, 23(1), 3-12.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Paavolainen, L., Hakkinen K., Nummela, A., & Ruskoh, (1995). Effects of fatigue on stride parameters in endurance athletes with different distance running performance capability. Proceedings of XV Congress of International Society of Biomechanics.
34 Pohl, M. B., Hamill, J., & Davis, I. S. (2009). Biomechanical and anatomical factors associated with a history of plantar fasciitis in female runners. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 19(5), 372-376.   DOI
35 Ryu, J. S. (2005). Gender defferences in the impact magnitude and its attenuation during running. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 15(1), 091-109.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Siler, W. L., & Martin, P. E. (1991). Changes in running pattern during a treadmill run to volitional exhaustion: Fast vs slow runners. International Journal of Sports Biomechanics, 7(1), 12-28.   DOI
37 Ryu, J. S. (2006).Comparisons of frequency domain characteristics of ground reaction forces during walking of young and elderly males. The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 4(5), 457-464.   과학기술학회마을
38 Ryu, J. S. (2010). Effects of quiet standing and walking with highheeled shoe on the balance. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 20(4), 479-486.   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Shorthen M. R., Winslow D. S. (1992) Spectral analysis of impact shock during running. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 8(4), 288-304.   DOI
40 Stefanyshyn, D. T., Stergiou, P., Lun, V. M. Y., & Meeuwisse, W. H. (2001). Dynamic variables and injuries in running. 2001 ISB Footwear Symposium, 74.
41 Stefanyshyn, D. T., Stergiou, P., Meeuwisse, W. H., Worobets, J. T., & Lun, V. M. Y. (2006). Knee angular impulse as a predictor of patellofemoral pain in runners. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(11), 1844-1851.   DOI
42 Stefanyshyn, D. T., Stergiou, P., Nigg, B. M., Lun, V. M. Y., & Meeuwisse, W. H. (2000). The relationship between impact forces and running injuries. XXVth Congress of the Societe de Biomecanique and the XIth Congress of the Canadian Society for Biomechanics, 43.
43 Stergiou, N., Giakas. G., Byrne, J. E., & Pomeroy, V. (2002). Frequency domain characteristics of ground reaction forces during walking of young and elderly females. Clinical Biomechanics, 17(8), 615-617.   DOI   ScienceOn
44 Verbitsky, O., Mizrahi, J., Voloshin, A., Treiqer, J., & Isakov, E. (1998). Shock transmission and fatigue in human running. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 14(3), 300.   DOI