Activation of Autophagy Pathway Suppresses the Expression of iNOS, IL6 and Cell Death of LPS-Stimulated Microglia Cells |
Han, Hye-Eun
(Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST))
Kim, Tae-Kyung (Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University) Son, Hyung-Jin (Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University) Park, Woo Jin (Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)) Han, Pyung-Lim (Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University) |
1 | Akiyama, H., Barger, S., Barnum, S., Bradt, B., Bauer, J., Cole, G. M., Cooper, N. R., Eikelenboom, P., Emmerling, M., Fiebich, B.L., Finch, C. E., Frautschy, S., Griffin W. S., Hampel, H., Hull, M., Landreth, G., Lue, L., Mrak, R., Mackenzie, I. R., McGeer, P. L., O'Banion, M. K., Pachter J., Pasinetti, G., Plata-Salaman, C., Rogers, J., Rydel, R., Shen, Y., Streit, W., Strohmeyer, R., Tooyoma, I., Van Muiswinkel, F. L., Veerhuis, R., Walker, D., Webster, S., Wegrzyniak, B., Wenk, G. and Wyss-Coray, T. (2000) Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 2, 383-421. |
2 | Alirezaei, M., Kiosses, W. B. and Fox, H. S. (2008) Decreased neuronal autophagy in HIV dementia: a mechanism of indirect neurotoxicity. Autophagy 4, 963-966. DOI |
3 | Beurel, E. and Jope, R. S. (2009) Lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 production is controlled by glycogen synthase kinase-3 and STAT3 in the brain. J. Neuroinflammation 6, 9. DOI ScienceOn |
4 | Canadien, V., Tan, T., Zilber, R., Szeto, J., Perrin, A. J. and Brumell, J. H. (2005) Cutting edge: microbial products elicit formation of dendritic cell aggresome-like induced structures in macrophages. J. Immunol. 174, 2471-2475. DOI |
5 | Eriksson, U. K., Pedersen, N. L., Reynolds, C. A., Hong, M. G., Prince, J. A., Gatz, M., Dickman, P. W. and Bennet, A. M. (2011) Associations of gene sequence variation and serum levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with Alzheimer's disease and dementia. J. Alzheimers Dis. 23, 361-369. |
6 | Fujita, K., Maeda, D., Xiao, Q. and Srinivasula, S. M. (2011) Nrf2-mediated induction of p62 controls Toll-like receptor-4-driven aggresome-like induced structure formation and autophagic degradation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 1427-1432. DOI ScienceOn |
7 | Gehrmann, J., Matsumoto, Y. and Kreutzberg, G. W. (1995) Microglia: intrinsic immuneffector cell of the brain. Brain Res. Rev. 20, 269-287. DOI ScienceOn |
8 | Gross, S. S. and Wolin, M. S. (1995) Nitric oxide: pathophysiological mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 57, 737-769. DOI ScienceOn |
9 | Han, H. E., Sellamuthu S, Shin, B.H., Lee, Y.J., Song, S., Seo, J. S., Beak, I. S., Bae, J., Kim, H., Yoo, Y. J., Jung, Y. K., Song, W. K., Han, P. L. and Park, W. J. (2010) The nuclear inclusion a (NIa) protease of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) cleaves amyloid-. PLoS One 5, e15645. DOI ScienceOn |
10 | Hanisch, U. K. (2002) Microglia as a source and target of cytokines. Glia 40, 140-155. DOI ScienceOn |
11 | Henkel, J. S., Beers, D. R., Zhao, W. and Appel, S. H. (2009) Microglia in ALS: the good, the bad, and the resting. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 4, 389-398. DOI ScienceOn |
12 | Iadecola, C., Zhang, F., Casey, R., Nagayama, M. and Ross, M. E. (1997) Delayed reduction of ischemic brain injury and neurological deficits in mice lacking the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. J. Neurosci. 17, 9157-9164. |
13 | Im, J. Y., Joo, H. J. and Han, P. L. (2011) Rapid disruption of cellular integrity of Zinc-treated astroglia is regulated by p38MAPK and -dependent mechanisms. Exp. Neurobiol. 20, 45-53. DOI ScienceOn |
14 | Kabeya, Y., Mizushima N., Ueno, T., Yamamoto, A., Kirisako, T., Noda, T., Kominami, E., Ohsumi, Y. and Yoshimori, T. (2000) LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing. EMBO J. 19, 5720-5728. DOI ScienceOn |
15 | Kim, S. W. and Lee, J. K. (2007) NO-induced downregulation of HSP10 and HSP60 expression in the postischemic brain. J. Neurosci. Res. 85, 1252-1259. DOI ScienceOn |
16 | Lee, J., Kim, H. R., Quinley, C., Kim, J., Gonzalez-Navajas, J., Xavier, R. and Raz, E. (2012) Autophagy suppresses interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling by activation of p62 degradation via lysosomal and proteasomal pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 4033-4040. DOI |
17 | Levine, B. and Klionsky, D. J. (2004) Development by self-digestion: molecular mechanisms and biological functions of autophagy. Dev. Cell 6, 463-477. DOI ScienceOn |
18 | Lee, J. H., Yu, W. H., Kumar, A., Lee, S., Mohan, P. S., Peterhoff, C. M., Wolfe, D. M., Martinez-Vicente, M., Massey, A. C., Sovak, G., Uchiyama, Y., Westaway, D., Cuervo, A. M. and Nixon, R. A. (2010) Lysosomal proteolysis and autophagy require presenilin 1 and are disrupted by Alzheimer-related PS1 mutations. Cell 141, 1146-1158. DOI ScienceOn |
19 | Lelouard, H., Ferrand, V., Marguet, D., Bania, J., Camosseto, V., David, A., Gatti, E. and Pierre, P. (2004) Dendritic cell aggresome-like induced structures are dedicated areas for ubiquitination and storage of newly synthesized defective proteins. J. Cell Biol. 164, 667-675. DOI ScienceOn |
20 | Lelouard, H., Gatti E., Cappello, F., Gresser, O., Camosseto, V. and Pierre P. (2002) Transient aggregation of ubiquitinated proteins during dendritic cell maturation. Nature 417, 177-182. DOI ScienceOn |
21 | Lu, Y. C., Yeh, W. C. and Ohashi, P. S. (2008) LPS/TLR4 signal transduction pathway. Cytokine 42, 145-151. DOI ScienceOn |
22 | Magazine, H. I., Liu, Y., Bilfinger, T. V., Fricchione, G. L. and Stefano, G. B. (1996) Morphine-induced conformational changes in human monocytes, granulocytes, and endothelial cells and in invertebrate immunocytes and microglia are mediated by nitric oxide. J. Immunol. 156, 4845-4850. |
23 | Matsumoto, Y., Ohmori, K. and Fujiwara, M. (1992) Microglial and astroglial reactions to inflammatory lesions of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the rat central nervous system. J. Neuroimmunol. 37, 23-33. DOI ScienceOn |
24 | Mayo, L. and Stein, R. (2007) Characterization of LPS and interferon-gamma triggered activation-induced cell death in N9 and primary microglial cells: induction of the mitochondrial gateway by nitric oxide. Cell Death Differ. 14, 183-186. DOI ScienceOn |
25 | Nixon, R. A. and Yang, D. S. (2011) Autophagy failure in Alzheimer's disease--locating the primary defect. Neurobiol. Dis. 43, 38-45. DOI ScienceOn |
26 | McGeer, P. L., Itagaki, S., Boyes, B. E. and McGeer, E. G. (1988) Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains. Neurology 38, 1285-1291. DOI |
27 | Nakagawa, I., Amano, A., Mizushima, N., Yamamoto, A., Yamaguchi, H., Kamimoto, T., Nara, A., Funao, J., Nakata, M., Tsuda, K., Hamada, S. and Yoshimori, T. (2004) Autophagy defends cells against invading group A Streptococcus. Science 306, 1037-1040. DOI ScienceOn |
28 | Nakahira, K., Haspel, J. A., Rathinam, V. A., Lee, S. J., Dolinay, T., Lam, H. C., Englert, J. A., Rabinovitch, M., Cernadas, M., Kim, H. P., Fitzgerald, K. A., Ryter, S. W. and Choi, A. M. (2011) Autophagy proteins regulate innate immune responses by inhibiting the release of mitochondrial DNA mediated by the NALP3 inflammasome. Nat. Immunol. 12, 222-230. |
29 | Perry, V. H., Nicoll, J. A. and Holmes, C. (2010) Microglia in neurodegenerative disease. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 6, 193-201. DOI ScienceOn |
30 | Raine, C. S. (1994) Multiple sclerosis: immune system molecule expression in the central nervous system. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 53, 328-337. DOI ScienceOn |
31 | Ravikumar, B., Vacher, C., Berger, Z., Davies, J. E., Luo, S., Oroz, L. G., Scaravilli, F., Easton, D. F., Duden, R., O'Kane, C. J. and Rubinsztein, D. C. (2004) Inhibition of mTOR induces autophagy and reduces toxicity of polyglutamine expansions in fly and mouse models of Huntington disease. Nat. Genet. 36, 585-595. DOI ScienceOn |
32 | Rosello, A., Warnes, G. and Meier, U. C. (2012) Cell death pathways and autophagy in the central nervous system and its involvement in neurodegeneration, immunity and central nervous system infection: to die or not to die--that is the question. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 168, 52-57. DOI ScienceOn |
33 | Shi, C. S. and Kehrl, J. H. (2008) MyD88 and Trif target Beclin 1 to trigger autophagy in macrophages. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 33175-33182. DOI ScienceOn |
34 | Saitoh, T., Fujita, N., Jang, M. H., Uematsu, S., Yang, B. G., Satoh, T., Omori, H., Noda, T., Yamamoto, N., Komatsu, M., Tanaka, K., Kawai, T., Tsujimura, T., Takeuchi, O., Yoshimori, T. and Akira, S. (2008) Loss of the autophagy protein Atg16L1 enhances endotoxin-induced IL-1beta production. Nature 456, 264-268. DOI ScienceOn |
35 | Sarkar, S. and Rubinsztein, D. C. (2008) Small molecule enhancers of autophagy for neurodegenerative diseases. Mol. Biosyst. 4, 895-901. DOI ScienceOn |
36 | Semmler, A., Frisch, C., Debeir, T., Ramanathan, M., Okulla, T., Klockgether, T. and Heneka, M. T. (2007) Long-term cognitive impairment, neuronal loss and reduced cortical cholinergic innervation after recovery from sepsis in a rodent model. Exp. Neurol. 204, 733-740. DOI ScienceOn |
37 | Sims, K., Haynes, C. A., Kelly, S., Allegood, J. C., Wang, E., Momin, A., Leipelt, M., Reichart, D., Glass, C. K., Sullards, M. C. and Merrill, A. H. Jr. (2010) Kdo2-lipid A, a TLR4-specific agonist, induces de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis in RAW264.7 macrophages, which is essential for induction of autophagy. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 38568-38579. DOI ScienceOn |
38 | Singh, S. B., Davis, A. S., Taylor, G. A. and Deretic, V. (2006) Human IRGM induces autophagy to eliminate intracellular mycobacteria. Science 313, 1438-1441. DOI ScienceOn |
39 | Smith, J. A., Das, A., Ray, S. K. and Banik, N. L. (2012) Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res. Bull. 87, 10-20. DOI ScienceOn |
40 | Strauss, S., Bauer, J., Ganter, U., Jonas, U., Berger, M. and Volk, B. (1992) Detection of interleukin-6 and alpha 2-macroglobulin immunoreactivity in cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease patients. Lab. Invest. 66, 223-230. |
41 | Xu, Y., Jagannath, C., Liu, X. D., Sharafkhaneh, A., Kolodziejska, K. E. and Eissa, N. T. (2007) Toll-like receptor 4 is a sensor for autophagy associated with innate immunity. Immunity 27, 135-144. DOI ScienceOn |
42 | Szeto, J., Kaniuk, N. A., Canadien, V., Nisman, R., Mizushima, N., Yoshimori, T., Bazett-Jones, D. P. and Brumell, J. H. (2006) ALIS are stress-induced protein storage compartments for substrates of the proteasome and autophagy. Autophagy 2, 189-199. DOI |
43 | Virgin, H. W. and Levine, B. (2009) Autophagy genes in immunity. Nat. Immunol. 10, 461-470. DOI ScienceOn |
44 | Wu, D. C., Jackson-Lewis, V., Vila, M., Tieu, K., Teismann, P., Vadseth, C., Choi, D. K., Ischiropoulos, H. and Przedborski, S. (2002) Blockade of microglial activation is neuroprotective in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson disease. J. Neurosci. 22, 1763-1771. |
45 | Yu, Y. M., Kim, J. B., Lee, K. W., Kim, S. Y., Han, P. L. and Lee, J. K. (2005) Inhibition of the cerebral ischemic injury by ethyl pyruvate with a wide therapeutic window. Stroke 36, 2238-2243. DOI ScienceOn |
46 | Yuan, K., Huang, C., Fox, J., Laturnus, D., Carlson, E., Zhang, B., Yin, Q., Gao, H. and Wu, M. (2012) Autophagy plays an essential role in the clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by alveolar macrophages. J. Cell Sci. 125, 507-515. DOI ScienceOn |
47 | Zhang, F., Casey, R. M., Ross, M. E. and Iadecola, C. (1996) Aminoguanidine ameliorates and L-arginine worsens brain damage from intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke 27, 317-323. DOI ScienceOn |
48 | Zoncu, R., Efeyan, A. and Sabatini, D. M. (2011) mTOR: from growth signal integration to cancer, diabetes and ageing. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 12, 21-35. DOI ScienceOn |
49 | Akar, U., Chaves-Reyez, A., Barria, M., Tari, A., Sanguino, A., Kondo, Y., Kondo, S., Arun, B., Lopez-Berestein, G. and Ozpolat, B. (2008) Silencing of Bcl-2 expression by small interfering RNA induces autophagic cell death in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Autophagy 4, 669-679. DOI |