Changes of Chemical Compositions in Chicory Roots by Different Roasting Processes

Chicory roots were roasted under various conditions. For roasted chicory roots, chemical compositions were investigated to develop new food materials from Korean chicory roots. Raw chicory root consists of 76.34% of moisture, 20.50% of nitrogen free extract, 1.03% of crude protein, 0.13% of crude fat, 1.02% of crude fiber and 0.98% of crude ash. Dried chicory root contains 3.44% of moisture, 79.52% of nitrogen free extract, 5.63% crude protein, 5.51% of crude fiber, 4.85% of crude ash and 1.05% of crude fat. Moisture content of chicory root decreased gradually with the increase of roasting time at $130^{\circ}C\;and\;140^{\circ}C$, while decreased significantly by roasting at $150^{\circ}C\;and\;160^{\circ}C$ and dropped below 1.0% in the 40 min. of roasting at all roasting temperatures tested. Crude protein content decreased with an increase of roasting temperature and time. Crude protein content decreased by 1.60% after 40 min of roasting at $160^{\circ}C$. The amount of reducing sugar decreased gradually as roasting time at $130^{\circ}C\;and\;140^{\circ}C$ increased. It reduced remarkably roasting at $160^{\circ}C$. Crude protein and reducing sugars seemed to be consumed as substrate for maillard reaction. $2,705.1{\sim}2,735.5mg%\;of\;K,\;175.8{\sim}179.3mg%\;of\;P,\;152.7{\sim}157.3mg%\;of\;Ca\;and\;76.2{\sim}79.6mg%$ of Mg were contained in chicory root and theirs contents were not changed in different roasting conditions. Thirteen fatty acids were isolated and identified from chicory root and it among them linoleic, linolenic, palmitic and oleic acids were the major components. Saturated fatty acid content was 22.81% and unsaturated fatty acid content was 77.19% and fatty acid composition was not changed by roasting under different conditions.

볶음방법에 따른 치커리의 화학성분 변화

국내산 치커리 뿌리를 가공식품으로 개발하기 위한 기초자료 조사의 일환으로 여러 조건에서 볶음처리 하였을 때 화학성분을 조사하였다. 생치커리는 수분이 76.34%, 탄수화물 20.50%, 조단백질이 1.03%, 조지방 0.13%, 조섬유 1.02%, 회분 0.98% 이었으며, 건조치커리는 수분이 3.44%, 탄수화물 79.52%, 조단백질이 5.63%, 조섬유 5.51%, 회분 4.85%, 조지방 1.05%로 나타났다. 볶음조건에 따라 치커리의 수분함량은 $130^{\circ}C$와 $140^{\circ}C$에서는 볶음시간에 따라 서서히 감소하였으나, $150^{\circ}C$와 $160^{\circ}C$에서는 급격히 감소하였다. 모든 볶음온도 40분에서는 1.00%이하로 나타났다. 조단백질함량은 볶음온도와 볶음시간이 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며, $160^{\circ}C$, 40분에서는 1.60%의 함량을 나타내었다. 환원당 함량은 $130^{\circ}C$와 $140^{\circ}C$에서 볶음시간에 따라 서서히 감소하였으며, $160^{\circ}C$에서는 급격히 감소하였다. 무기물은 K는 $2,705.1{\sim}2,735.5mg%$, P는 $175.8{\sim}159.3mg%$, Ca는 $152.7{\sim}157.3mg%$, Mg는 $76.2{\sim}79.6mg%$ 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 볶음조건에 따른 함량 변화는 없었다. 볶음 조건에 따른 지방산의 함량변화는 지방산은 총 13종을 동정 확인되었으며, 주요 지방산은 linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid이며, 볶음조건에 따른 지방산의 조성비는 큰 차이가 없었다.