Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7235/hort.2014.13169

Light Conditions and Characteristics of Leaves and Fruit at Different Canopy Positions in Slender-spindle 'Hongro' Apple Trees  

Song, Ju-Hee (Jangsu Agricultural Technique Center)
Kang, In-Kyu (Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University)
Choi, Dong Geun (Department of Horticulture, Chonbuk National University)
Publication Information
Horticultural Science & Technology / v.32, no.4, 2014 , pp. 440-447 More about this Journal
Abstract
For this analysis, canopies of slender-spindle 'Hongro'/M9 apple trees were divided into 4 positions: upper, lower, exterior, and interior parts. The photosynthetic rate was highest in the external part of the upper canopy of the tree, where it was 4.5 times higher than in the internal part of the lower canopy. This difference was closely associated with differences in light penetration based on canopy position. Analysis of leaf growth characteristics showed that the leaves situated in the internal part of the canopy were larger and thinner than those in the external part of the canopy. The difference in leaf thickness was mainly due to thickness of the primary layer of palisade tissues (68.5 and $110.3{\mu}m$ for internal and external leaves, respectively). Fruit weight and quality were closely related to the extent of light penetration. Fruit weight, soluble solid content, and red skin color were higher in the fruits from the external part of the canopy. Thus, fruit maturity was delayed in the internal part of canopy. The fruit skin and wax layer were thicker in fruits from the internal canopy than in those from the external canopy. Therefore, our results indicate a need for improved light penetration in internal parts of the canopy and for split harvesting depending on maturity at different canopy positions.
Keywords
fruit maturity; fruit skin; leaf thickness; light penetration; photosynthetic rate;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Ackermann, J., M. Fischer, and R. Amado. 1992. Changes in sugars, acids, and amino acids during ripening and storage of apples (cv. Glockenapfel). J. Agr. Food Chem. 40:1131-1134.   DOI
2 Auchter, E.C., A.L. Shrader, F.S. Lagasse, and W.W. Aldrich. 1926. The effect of shade on the growth, fruit bud formation, and chemical composition of apple trees. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 23:368-382.
3 Barritt, B.H., C.R. Rom, K.R. Guelich, S.R. Drake, and M.A. Dilley. 1991. Light level influences spur quality and canopy development and light interception influence fruit production in apple. HortScience 26:993-999.
4 Beruter, J. 1985. Sugar accumulation and changes in activities of related enzymes during development of the apple fruit. J. Plant Physiol. 121:331-341.   DOI
5 Cowart, F.F. 1935. Apple leaf structure as related to position of the leaf upon the shoot and to type of growth. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 33:145-148.
6 Doud, D.S. and D.C. Ferree. 1980. Influence of altered light levels on growth and fruiting of mature 'Delicious' apple trees. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 105:325-328.
7 Forshey, C.G. 2000. Training and pruning apple trees. Cornell Cooperation Extension Publication. Info Bulletin #112. http://eap.mcgill.ca/CPTFP_7.htm.
8 Giuliani, R., F. Nerozzi, E. Magnanini, and L. Colrlli Grappadelli. 1997. Infuluence of environmental and plant factors on canopy photosynthesis and transpiration of apple trees. Tree Physiol. 17:637-645.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Han, S.G. and T.M. Yoon. 2001. Light distribution within the canopy and fruit quality in dwarf apple orchards. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 42:78-82.
10 Jung, S.K. 2002. Effects of tree shape and light penetraion on tree shape and productivity for 'Fuji' apple trees on M. 26 rootstocks. M.A. Diss., Kongju Univ., Gongju, Korea.
11 Kim, K.R., Y.K. Kim, J.K. Byun, J.B. Kim, and T.M. Yoon. 1996. Development of high density apple orchard system in Korea. Proc. Intl. Symp. Dev. New Apple Orchard System in Kyungbuk, Office of Kyungbuk Province. p. 49-53.
12 Kim, M.S., J.K, Jeong, H.Y. Kim, S.I. Kwon, H.J. Kwon, B.R. Bark, M.Y. Park, and H.H. Seo. 2003. The growth character of apple tree and orchard mangement. Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea. p. 25-60.
13 Lim, B.S., Y.W. Choi, and N.H. Song. 1993. Effect of plant growth regulator ethephon application on the astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.). RDA J. Agr. Sci. 35:800-805.
14 Luft, J.H. 1973. Compounding of Luft’s epon embedding medium for use in electron microscopy with reference to anhydride:Epoxide ratio adjustment. Mikroskopie 29:337-342.
15 Mika, A. and R. Antosqewski. 1972. Effect of leaf position and tree shape on the rate of photosynthesis in the apple tree. Photosynthesica 6:381-386.
16 Oh, S.D., D.G. Choi, and C.H. Cho. 1997. Effect of different light conditions within canopy on growth and photosynthesis in apple tree. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 38:391-395.
17 Park, M.Y., S.J. Yang, J.K. Park, D.G. Choi, and I.K. Kang. 2007. Influence of the number of the lower scaffold limbs in slender spindle form on the tree growth and development of 'Fuji' apple trees. J. Bio-Environ. Control 16:258-263.
18 Pavel, E.W. and T.M. Dejong. 1995. Seasonal patterns of nonstructural carbohydrates of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) fruits:Relationship with relative growth rates and contribution to solute potential. J. Hort. Sci. 70:127-134.
19 Reyes, T., T.A. Nell, J.E. Barrett, and C.A. Conover. 1996. Testing the light acclimatization potential of Chrysalidocarpus iutescens Wendle. HortScience 31:1203-1206.
20 Seo, B.S. 2010. Characteristics of growth and fruit quality of 'Hongro' apple trees at various altitude in Jangsu, Korea. PhD. Diss., Jeonbuk Natl. Univ., Jeonju, Korea.
21 Song, K.J., J.H. Hwang, and H.K. Yun. 2003. Changes of soluble sugar and starch concentrations in fruits of apple cultivars differing in maturity. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 44:207-210.   과학기술학회마을
22 Wooge, K.C. and K.A. Barden. 1987. Seasonal changes in specific leaf weight and leaf anatomy of apple. HortScience 22:292-294.
23 Yamada, H., H. Ohmura, C. Arai, and M. Terui. 1994. Effect of preharvest fruit temperature on ripening, sugars, and watercore occurrence in apples. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119:1208-1214.
24 Yang, S.J. 2008. Study on high density apple orchard system with M.9 rootstock. PhD. Diss., Kyungpook Natl. Univ., Daegu, Korea.