Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7235/hort.2014.13099

Changes in Organic and Inorganic Nutrients in Terminal Shoots of 'Fuyu' Persimmon during Spring Growth  

Yoon, Young-Whang (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services)
Choi, Seong-Tae (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services)
Park, Doo-Sang (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services)
Rho, Chi-Woong (Research and Development Bureau, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services)
Kim, Dae-Ho (Research and Development Bureau, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services)
Kang, Seong-Mo (Korean Society for Persimmon Science and Industry)
Publication Information
Horticultural Science & Technology / v.32, no.3, 2014 , pp. 279-288 More about this Journal
Abstract
To understand changes in composition and distribution of nutrients during early shoot growth of persimmon, organic compounds and inorganic elements of terminal shoots were analyzed for about 40 days from the time of foliation. Sample shoots were collected from mature 'Fuyu' trees for this three-year experiment and they were divided to stem, leaves, and the fruits including flower buds at the earliest stage. During shoot growth, concentration of soluble sugars increased in both leaves and fruits, but that of starch increased only in leaves. Those of amino acids tended to decrease in all the parts but there was no consistent change in proteins. As shoots grew, contents of all the organic compounds in a shoot increased, and they were especially higher in May leaves accounting for more than 60% of the shoot total for each nutrient. Along with shoot growth, concentrations of N and P gradually decreased in all three parts, while K decreased only in stem. However, those of Ca and Mg did not show notable changes in all the parts with wide variations depending on the year. Due to the quantitative increase in growth, contents of inorganic elements in a shoot increased in all the parts and the leaves accounted for 54-82% of the shoot total. At the cessation time of extension growth, a shoot contained 526-768 mg of soluble sugars, 245-844 mg of starch, 26-31 mg of amino acids, and 66-103 mg of proteins for three years. On the other hand, a shoot contained 203-388 mg of K, the greatest among the inorganic elements, followed by 132-159 mg of N. Changes of the nutrients in a shoot were much greater during the earlier stage of growth after foliation than during the later stage toward growth cessation, suggesting the importance of mobilizing reserve nutrients for the early growth of the shoots. The results of this study also suggested that the rate of nutrient changes, especially during the earlier stage of shoot growth, could be affected by environmental and cultural conditions.
Keywords
carbohydrate; Diospyros kaki; nitrogenous compound; reserve nutrient;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantization of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248-254.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Choi, S.T., S.M. Kang, D.S. Park, Y.W. Yoon, and G.H. Ahn. 2005. Tree responses of 'Fuyu' persimmon to different degrees of early defoliation on fruit characteristics at harvest and tree development the next season. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 46:136-139.   과학기술학회마을
3 Choi, S.T., D.S. Park, S.M. Kang, and S.J. Park. 2011. Use of a chlorophyll meter to diagnose nitrogen status of 'Fuyu' persimmon leaves. HortScience 46:821-824.
4 Clark, C.J. and G.S. Smith. 1990. Seasonal changes in the mineral nutrient content of persimmon leaves. Sci. Hort. 42:85-97.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Davis, J.T. and D. Sparks. 1974. Assimilation and translocation patterns of carbon-14 in the shoots of fruiting pecan trees Carya illinoensis Koch. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 99:468-480.
6 Fukuda, A. and I. Kuroi. 1949. Seasonal changes of starch content in the shoots of some deciduous fruit trees (grape, peach, pear and persimmon). J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 18:150-154.   DOI
7 George, A.P., R.J. Collins, and T.S. Rasmussen. 1994. Phenological cycling of non-astringent persimmon in subtropical Australia. J. Hort. Sci. 69:937-946.
8 George, A.P., A.D. Mowat, and R.J. Collins. 1997. Seasonal changes in photosynthesis of the non-astringent persimmon cultivar 'Fuyu' in subtropical Australia. Acta Hort. 436:339-343.
9 George, A.P., R.J. Nissen, R.J. Collins, and G.F. Haydon. 1995. Seasonal leaf nutrient patterns and standard leaf nutrient levels for non-astringent persimmon in subtropical Australia. J. Hort. Sci. 70:807-816.
10 Hale, C.R. and R.J. Weaver. 1962. The effect of developmental stage on direction of translocation of photosynthate in Vitis vinifera. Hilgardia 33:89-131.   DOI
11 Yemm, E.W. and E.C. Cocking. 1955. The determination of amino acids with ninhydrin. Analyst 80:209-213.   DOI
12 Yoon, Y.W., S.T. Choi, D.S. Park, C.W. Rho, and S.M. Kang. 2012. Analyses for early growth of terminal shoots in persimmon. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 30:385-391.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Nii, N. 1980. Current shoot and growth in Japanese persimmon, Diospyros kaki cv. 'Fuyu', in relation to the development of the tissue system in the leaf. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 49:149-159.   DOI
14 O'Kennedy, B.T. and J.S. Titus. 1979. Isolation and mobilization of storage proteins from apple shoot bark. Physiol. Plant. 45:419-424.   DOI
15 Oliveira, C.M. and A. Priestley. 1988. Carbohydrate reserves in deciduous fruit trees. Hort. Rev. 10:403-430.
16 Quinland, J.D. and R.J. Weaver. 1969. Influence of benzyladenine, leaf darkening and ringing on movement of $^{14}C$-labeled assimilates into expanded leaves of Vitis vinifera L. Plant Physiol. 44:1247-1252.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Park, S.J. 2002. Changes of inorganic elements in senescing Fuyu leaves at two locations differing the time of abscission. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 20:106-109.   과학기술학회마을
18 Park, S.J. and Y.K. Kim. 2011. Defruiting effect of young Fuyu persimmon (Diospyros kaki) on assimilate partitioning in-season and early growth the next season. Sci. Hort. 130:197-202.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Park, S.J., Y.G. Kim, J.C. Kim, J.L. Cho, and Y.C. Lee. 2003. Changes in organic nutrients of senescing Fuyu leaves at two locations differing in the time of abscission. Acta Hort. 601:73-78.
20 Stassen, P.J.C., M.M. Du Preez, and J.D. Stadler. 1983. Reserves in full-bearing peach trees. Macro-element reserves and their role in peach trees. Decid. Fruit Grow. 33:200-206.
21 Tagliavini, M., M. Quartieri, and P. Millard. 1997. Remobilised nitrogen and root uptake of nitrate for spring leaf growth, flowers and developing fruits of pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees. Plant Soil 195:137-142.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Titus, J.S. and S.M. Kang. 1982. Nitrogen metabolism, translocation and recycling in apple trees. Hort. Rev. 4:204-246.
23 Hirata, N., S. Hayashi, and H. Kurooka. 1974. Physiological studies of developing and ripening fruits of the Japanese persimmon. II. The effects of degrees or times of artificial defoliation during last fall on cell division and cell enlargement during the development of fruit, fruit size and fruit quality at maturity. Bull. Fac. Agr. Tottori Univ. 26:15-27.
24 Mowat, A.D. and A.P. George. 1994. Persimmon, p. 209-232. In: B. Schaffer and P.C. Andersen (eds.). Handbook of environmental physiology of fruit crops. Vol. I. Temperate crops. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
25 Kim, Y.K., C.S. Lim, S.M. Kang, and J.L. Cho. 2009. Root storage of nitrogen applied in autumn and its remobilization to new growth in spring of persimmon trees (Diospyros kaki cv. 'Fuyu'). Sci. Hort. 119:193-196.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Loescher, W.H., T. McCamant, and J.D. Keller. 1990. Carbohydrate reserves, translocation, and storage in woody plant roots. HortScience 25:274-281.
27 McCready, R.M., J. Guggolz, V. Silviera, and H.S. Owens. 1950. Determination of starch and amylose in vegetables. Anal. Chem. 22:1156-1158.   DOI
28 Nakamura, S. 1935. Studies on the root activities of some deciduous fruit J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 6:305-317.   DOI
29 National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (NIAST). 2000. Analytical methods of soil and plant. NIAST, RDA, Suwon, Korea.