Browse > Article

Control of Unseasonable Flowering in Chrysanthemum 'Baekma' by 2-chloroethylphosphonic Acid and Night Temperature  

Lee, Chang-Hee (Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Hankyong National University)
Cho, Myeong-Whan (Protected Horticulture Experiment Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science)
Publication Information
Horticultural Science & Technology / v.29, no.6, 2011 , pp. 539-548 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted to control unseasonable flowering in a standard chrysanthemum 'Baekma' bred in Korea by 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) and night temperature (NT) through suppression of the transition from a vegetative to a reproductive stage under long day length caused by high NT in summer season. Ethephon was applied either once or twice at a concentration of 0, 200, 400, or $800mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The NT within controlled mini-plastic houses was maintained at 13, 17, or $21^{\circ}C$. The NT at $13^{\circ}C$ showed the greatest inhibiting effect of unseasonable flowering among all NTs regardless of various combinations of ethephon concentration and frequency. Moreover, the inhibition tendency of unseasonable flowering was distinctly decreased in a NT-dependant manner. Higher NTs reduced cut flower length and number of leaves, but increased the number of young leaves attached to top part of the flower. Higher ethephon concentrations and lower NTs increased cut flower length and the fresh weight of total, stem, and leaves due to the extension of vegetative growth period. Thus, if it is difficult to control the NT below $21^{\circ}C$ in greenhouses in the summer season, we recommended to spray more than $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ethephon once after planting to suppress unseasonable flowering and to ensure sufficient length of cut flowers.
Keywords
ethephon; floral budding stage; standard chrysanthemum; summer;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By Web Of Science : 0  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
1 Starman, T.W., M.C. Robinson, and K.L. Eixmann. 2004. Efficacy of ethephon vegetative annuals. HortTechnology 14:83-87.
2 Strefeler, M.S., N.O. Anderson, and P.D. Ascher. 1996. Ethylene + $GA_{3}$ sprays for delaying flower bud initiation in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelv.) stock plants. HortTechnology 6:251-253.
3 Styer, R.C. 2002. Using florel effectively. Greenhouse Product News 12:10-15.
4 Whipker, B.E., J.L. Gibson, T.J. Cavins, I. McCall, and P. Konjoian. 2003. Growth regulators, p. 85-92. In: D. Hamrick (ed.). Ball redbook crop production vol. 2. Ball Publishing, Batavia, IL.
5 Cockshull, K.E., J.S. Horridge, and F.A. Langton. 1979. Ethephon and the delay of early budding in chrysanthemums. J. Hort. Sci. 54:337-338.
6 Hammond, H.E., R.K. Schoellhorn, S.B. Wilson, and J.G. Norcini. 2007. Differing blanketflower cultivar and ecotype responses to plant growth regulators. HortTechnology 17:552-556.
7 Kher, M.A., M. Yokoi, and K. Kosugi. 1974. Effects of ethrel on the growth and flower formation in pot chrysanthemums. J. Japan Soc. Hort. Sci. 43:91-96.   DOI
8 Korea Crop Protection Association (KCPA). 2009. Agrochemicals use guide book. KCPA, Seoul. p. 1043.
9 Krug, B.A., B.E. Whipker, I. McCall, and J.M. Dole. 2006. Narcissus response to plant growth regulators. HortTechnology 16:129-132.
10 Latimer, J.G., T.J. Banko, and V. Groover. 2001. Using PGRs to hold containerized perennials in the nursery. Southern Nursery Assn. Res. Conf. Proc. 46:336-338.
11 Shin, H.K., J.H. Lim, and Y.J. Kim. 2005. A new standard chrysanthemum cultivar 'Baekma' with large white flower. Kor. J. Breed. 37:119-120.
12 Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MIFAFF). 2011. Annual report of floriculture. MIFAFF, Gwacheon. p. 5-21, 160.
13 Rural Development Administration (RDA). 2008. Handbook of growing domestic chrysanthemum cultivar. RDA, Suwon. p. 33-38.
14 Rural Development Administration (RDA). 2010. Cultural technique manuals for floricultural crop cultivars bred in Korea. RDA, Suwon. p. 36-38.
15 Shin, H.K., J.H. Lim, H.Y. Joung, and S.K. Park. 2008. Effect of daylength and ethephon on flowering of standard chrysanthemum cv. Baekma. Proc. Asian Horticulture Congress. p. 77. (Abstr.)
16 Starman, T.W. and M.S. Williams. 2000. Growth retardants affect growth and flowering of scaevola. HortScience 35:36-38.
17 Carpenter, W.J. and W.H. Carlson. 1972. The effect of growth regulators on chrysanthemum. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 97:349-351.
18 Cockshull, K.E. 1975. Premature budding in year-round chrysanthemums, p. 128-136. In: Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. Annu. Rpt. 1974.
19 Chamberlayne, C.L. and T.J. Banko. 2003. Growth response of container grown herbaceous perennials to ethephon, daminozide, paclobutrazol, and uniconazole. Southern Nursery Assn. Res. Conf. Proc. 48:267-271.
20 Choi, S.Y. and J.H. Lim. 2010. Effect of ethephon treatment during summer season on growth and flowering in chrysanthemum 'Baekma'. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 28 (Suppl. I):131. (Abstr.)
21 Cockshull, K.E. and F.A. Langton. 1984. A key to the causes of compound spray formation in chrysanthemums, p. 117-134. In: Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. Ann. Rpt. 1974.
22 Cockshull, K.E. and J.S. Horridge. 1978. 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid and flower initiation by Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. in short days and in long days. J. Hort. Sci. 53:89-90.