Browse > Article

Changes in Ion Balance and Individual Ionic Contributions to EC Reading at Different Renewal Intervals of Nutrient Solution under EC-based Nutrient Control in Closed-loop Soilless Culture for Sweet Peppers (Capsicum annum L. 'Fiesta')  

Ahn, Tae-In (Department of Plant Science and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University)
Son, Jung-Eek (Department of Plant Science and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Horticultural Science & Technology / v.29, no.1, 2011 , pp. 29-35 More about this Journal
Abstract
Individual ion concentrations and ionic contributions to EC reading in the circulated nutrient solution are the important factors to be considered for stable EC-based closed-loop soilless culture. This study was conducted to determine appropriate ion-analysis intervals of the circulated nutrient solutions based on ion concentration, ion balance, and ion electrical conductivity under different renewal intervals in EC-based nutrient control systems for sweet peppers (Capsicum annum L. 'Fiesta') in early growth stage. Average node numbers of the plants were 13 and 18 when the experiment started and finished, respectively, and three plants were grown in each rockwool slab. Four different renewal intervals of circulated nutrient solutions such as 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks were used as treatment. Nutrient solutions were supplied to the plants based on integrated radiation. Drainage was collected into drain tanks after irrigation ended in the day and then mixed with fresh water until the EC reaches 2.69 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The replenished nutrient solution was supplied to the plants in the next day. Ion concentrations of the individual ions periodically analyzed in the circulated nutrient solutions showed no significant differences among the treatments during the experimental period. Ion concentrations of $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $NO_3{^-}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, ${PO_4}^{3-}$, and $Cl^-$ varied within 5-8, 11-14, 2.0-2.7, 0.5-0.6, 14-19, 4-5, 1-4, and 0.3-0.5 $meq{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively. Ion balance showed a consistent tendency over all the treatments and especially $K^+$ : $Ca^{2+}$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ : ${PO_4}^{3-}$ played great roles in the cation and anion balances in the nutrient solutions, respectively. Activity coefficients of ions such as $K^+$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $H_2PO_4{^-}$ varied within 0.8-0.9 and those of $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ varied within 0.5-0.6, showing little changes with time. Ionic contributions of $K^+$ and $NO_3{^-}$ to EC reading were the greatest followed by $Ca^{2+}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ in the order. From the results, we thought that allowable ranges in ion concentration, ion balance, and subsequent individual ionic contributions to EC reading would be obtained within 4-week renewal interval of nutrient solution in EC-based closed-loop soilless culture for sweet pepper plants.
Keywords
activity coefficient; equivalent ionic conductivity; ion concentration; rockwool;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By Web Of Science : 1  (Related Records In Web of Science)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Pazuki, G.R and R.R. Rohhani. 2006. A new model for the activity coefficients of individual ions in aqueous electrolyte solutions. Fluid Phase Equilibria 242:65-71.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Raviv, M., A. Krasnovsky, S. Medina, and R. Reuveni. 1998. Assessment of various control strategies for recirculation of greenhouse effluents under semi-arid conditions. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotech. 73:485-491.
3 Savvas, D. 2002. Automated replenishment of recycled greenhouse effluents with individual nutrients in hydroponics by means of two alternative models. Biosyst. Eng. 83:225-236.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Savvas, D. and G. Gizas 2002. Response of hydroponically grown gerbera to nutrient solution recycling and different nutrient cation ratios. Sci. Hort. 96:267-280.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Savvas, D. and G. Manos. 1999. Automated composition control of nutrient solution in closed soilless culture systems. J. Agr. Eng. Res. 73:29-33.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Son, J.E. 1998. Precise control of nutrient solution and analysis of ionic contribution to EC reading. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 16:362-354.
7 Zekki, H., L. Gauthier, and A. Gosselin. 1996. Growth, productivity, and mineral composition of hydroponically cultivated greenhouse tomatoes, with or without nutrient solution recycling. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 121:1082-1088.
8 Ahn, T.I., J.W. Shin, and J.E. Son. 2010. Analyses of changes in ion concentration with time and drainage ratio under EC-based nutrient control in closed-loop soilless culture for sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annum L. 'Boogie'). J. Bio-Env. Con. 19:298-304.
9 Corwin, D.L., J.D. Rhoades, and J. Simunek. 2007. Leaching requirement for soil salinity control: Steady-state versus transient models. Agr. Water. Manage. 90:165-180.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Ehret, D.L., J.G. Menzies, and T. Helmer. 2005. Production and quality of greenhouse roses in recirculating nutrient systems. Sci. Hort. 106:103-113.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Gieling, T.H., G. van Straten, H.J.J. Janssen, and H. Wouters. 2005. ISE and chemfet sensors in greenhouse cultivation. Sens. Actuator B-Chem. 105:74-80.
12 Gutierrez, M., S. Alegret, R. Caceres, J. Casadesus, O. Marfa, and M. Del Valle. 2008. Nutrient solution monitoring in greenhouse cultivation employing a potentiometric electronic tongue. J. Agr. Food Chem. 56:1810-1817.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Marti, H.R. and H.A. Mills. 1991. Nutrient-uptake and yield of sweet-pepper as affected by stage of development and N-form. J. Plant Nutr. 14:1165-1175.   DOI
14 Adams, F. 1977. Ionic concentration and activity in soil solution. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35:420-426.