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http://dx.doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2012.01.0.001

Toxicity Evaluation of 'Bt-Plus' on Parasitoid and Predatory Natural Enemies  

Seo, Sam-Yeol (Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University)
Srikanth, Koigoora (Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University)
Kwon, Gi-Myon (BUI)
Jang, Sin-Ae (NABIS)
Kim, Yong-Gyun (Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University)
Publication Information
Korean journal of applied entomology / v.51, no.1, 2012 , pp. 47-58 More about this Journal
Abstract
Effect of a new crop protectant 'Bt-Plus' on natural enemies was analyzed in this study. Tested natural enemies included two parasitic species of $Aphidius$ $colemani$ and $Eretmocerus$ $eremicus$, and four predatory species of $Harmonia$ $axyridis$, $Orius$ $laevigatus$, $Amblyseius$ $swirskii$, and $Phytoseiulus$ $persimilis$. 'Bt-Plus' was formulated by combination of three entomopathogenic bacteria ($Xenorhabdus$ $nematophila$ (Xn), $Photorhabdus$ $temperata$ subsp. $temperata$ (Ptt), $Bacillus$ $thuringiensis$ (Bt)) and bacterial metabolite (BM). All three types of 'Bt-Plus' showed significantly higher toxicities against fourth instar $Plutella$ $xylostella$ larvae than Bt single treatment. Two types of bacterial mixtures ('Xn+Bt' and 'Ptt+Bt') showed little toxicity to all natural enemies in both contact and oral feeding assays. However, 'BM+Bt' showed significant toxicities especially to two predatory mites of $A.$ $swirskii$ and $P.$ $persimilis$. The acaricidal effects of different bacterial metabolites were evaluated against two spotted spider mite, $Tetranychus$ $urticae$. All six BM chemicals showed significant acaricidal effects. The BM mixture used to prepare 'Bt-Plus' showed a high acaricidal activity with a median lethal concentration at 218.7 ppm (95% confidence interval: 163.2 - 262.3). These toxic effects of bacterial metabolites were also proved by cytotoxicity test against Sf9 cells. Especially, benzylideneacetone, which was used as a main ingredient of 'BM+Bt', showed high cytotoxicity at its low micromolar concentration.
Keywords
Biopesticide; Natural enemy; Toxicity test; 'Bt-Plus'; Plutella xylostella;
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