Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2016.8.1.025

F0 as a primary cue for signaling word-initial stops of Seoul Korean  

Byun, Hi-Gyung (Akita International University)
Publication Information
Phonetics and Speech Sciences / v.8, no.1, 2016 , pp. 25-36 More about this Journal
Abstract
Previous studies showed that the voice onset time (VOT) of aspirated and lenis stops has been merged, and post-stop fundamental frequency (F0) has emerged as a primary cue to distinguish the two stops in the younger generation and female speech. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that VOT merger in aspirated and lenis stops occurs after an F0 difference between the two stops becomes stabilized. In other words, unless post-stop F0, which is a redundant feature, is fully developed, it is hard for VOT merger to happen. Females have got a stable F0 difference in stops earlier than males. Therefore, VOT merger could happen, and as a result, females could take the lead in changing from VOT to F0 in initial stops. This study also shows that speakers who acquired F0 as a primary cue use F0 to the full to distinguish lenis stops from two other stops (aspirated and fortis).
Keywords
Seoul Korean stops; primary cue; redundant feature; F0 development; VOT merger;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Abramson, A. S. & Lisker, L. (1972). Voicing timing in Korean stops. Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 439-446.
2 Ahn, H. (2000). Laryngeal effects of stop consonants on neighboring vowels in /CV/ sequences in Korean. Japanese/Korean Linguistics, 9, 47-60.
3 Boersma, P. & Weenink, D. (2011). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer. Version 5. 4. 15. University of Amsterdam Phonetic Sciences. Retrieved from http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/ on August 1, 2015.
4 Cho, T., Jun, S., & Ladefoged, P. (2002). Acoustic and aerodynamic correlates of Korean stops and fricatives. Journal of Phonetics, 30, 193-228.   DOI
5 Choi, H. (2002). Acoustic cues for the Korean stop consonant-dialectal variation. ZAS Papers in Linguistics, 28, 1-12.
6 Han, J. (1996). The phonetics and phonology of "tense" and "plain" consonants in Korean. Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell University.
7 Han, M. S. & Weitzman, R. S. (1970). Acoustic features of Korean /P, T, K/, /p, t, k/, /ph, th, kh/. Phonetica, 22, 112-128.   DOI
8 Holliday, J. & Kong, E. (2011). Dialectal variation in the acoustic correlates of Korean stops. ICPhS XVII, 878-881.
9 Hombert, J. M. (1978). Consonant types, vowel quality, and tone. In V. A. Fromkin (Ed.), Tone: A Linguistic Survey (pp. 77-111). New York: Academic Press.
10 Hombert, J. M., Ohala, J. J., & Ewan, W. G. (1979). Phonetic explanations for the development of tones. Language, 55, 37-58.   DOI
11 Jo, M. & Shin, J. (2003). VOT comparison between Seoul and Kyungsang dialects. Malsori, 46, 1-11. (조민하.신지영 (2003). 경상 방언과 서울 방언의 VOT 지속시간에 대한 비교 연구. 말소리, 46, 1-11.)
12 Johnson, K., Flemming, E., & Wright, R. (1993). The hyperspace effect: Phonetic targets are hyperarticulated. Language, 69, 505-528.   DOI
13 Kagaya, R. (1974). A fiberscopic and acoustic study of the Korean stops, affricates and fricatives. Journal of Phonetics, 2, 161-180.
14 Kang, K. (2010). Generational differences in the perception of Korean stops. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 2(3), 3-10.
15 Kang, K. & Guion, S. G. (2008). Clear speech production of Korean stops: Changing phonetic targets and enhancement strategies. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 124(6), 3909-3917.   DOI
16 Kang, Y. (2014). Voice onset time merger and development of tonal contrast in Seoul Korean stops: A corpus study. Journal of Phonetics, 45, 76-90.   DOI
17 Kang, Y. & Han, S. (2013). Tonogenesis in early contemporary Seoul Korean: A longitudinal case study. Lingua, 134, 62-74.   DOI
18 Kim, C. (1965). On the autonomy of the tensity feature in stop classification (with special reference to Korean stops). Word, 21, 339-359.   DOI
19 Kim, J. (2015). Reinterpretation of stop production in Korean elderly speakers. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 7 (2), 139-145. (김지은 (2015). 노년층 파열음 발음의 재해석. 말소리와 음성과학, 7(2), 139-145.)   DOI
20 Kim, M. (2004). Correlation between VOT and F0 in the perception of Korean stops and affricates. Interspeech 2004-ICSLP, 49-52.
21 Lee, H. & Jongman, A. (2012). Effects of tone on the three-way laryngeal distinction in Korean: An acoustic and aerodynamic comparison of the Seoul and South Kyungsang dialects. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 42(2), 145-169.   DOI
22 Kim, M. & Duanmu, S. (2004). "Tense" and "Lax" stops in Korean. Journal of East Asian linguistics, 13, 59-104.   DOI
23 Kim, M., Beddor, P. S., & Horrocks, J. (2002). The contribution of consonantal and vocalic information to the perception of Korean initial stops. Journal of Phonetics, 30, 77-100.   DOI
24 Kong, E. (2012). Perception of Korean stops with a three-way laryngeal contrast. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 4(1), 13-20.   DOI
25 Lee, H., Politzer-Ahles, S., & Jongman, A. (2013). Speakers of tonal and non-tonal Korean dialects use different cue weightings in the perception of the three-way laryngeal stop contrast. Journal of Phonetics, 41, 117-132.   DOI
26 Lee, K. & Jung, M. (2000). Acoustic characteristics and perceptual cues for Korean stops. Speech Sciences, 7(2), 139-155. (이경희.정명숙 (2000). 한국어 파열음의 음향적 특성과 지각 단서. 음성과학, 7(2), 139-155.)
27 Lee, Y. & Xu, Y. (2010). Phonetic realization of contrastive focus in Korean. Speech Prosody 2010, 100033:1-4. Retrieved from http://www.speechprosody2010.illinois.edu/papers/100033.pdf on March 3, 2016.
28 Lee, Y., Wang, B., Chen, S., Adda-Decker, M., Amelot, A., Nambu, S., & Liberman, M. (2015). A crosslinguistic study of prosodic focus. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 4754-4758.
29 Lisker, L. & Abramson, A. S. (1964). A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements. Word, 20, 384-422.   DOI
30 Lindblom, B. (1990). Explaining phonetic variation: A sketch of the H&H theory. In W. J. Hardcastle & A. Marchal (Eds.), Speech Production and Speech Modelling (pp. 403-439). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publisher.
31 Moon, S. & Lindblom, B. (1989). Formant understoot in clear and citation-form speech: A second progress report. STL-QPSR, 30, 121-123.
32 Moon, S. & Lindblom, B. (1994). Interaction between duration, context, and speaking style in English stressed vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 96(1), 40-55.   DOI
33 Obata, J. & Toyoshima, T. (1932). Acoustic features of Korean vowels and consonants. Nippon Sugaku Butsuri Gakkaishi, 6(4), 379-403. (小幡重一.豊島武彦 (1932). 朝鮮語母音及び子音の性質. 日本數學物理學會誌, 6(4), 379-403)
34 Oh, E. (2011). Effects of speaker gender on voice onset time in Korean stops. Journal of Phonetics, 39, 59-67.   DOI
35 Redford, M. A., Stine, J. A., & Vatikiotis-Bateson, E. (2014). A question of scope? Direct comparison of clear and in-focus speech productions. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Speech Production, 352-355.
36 Silva, D. J. (2002). Consonant aspiration in Korean: A retrospective. In S.-O. Lee & G. K. Iverson (Eds.), Pathways into Korean Language and Culture: Essays in Honor of Young-Key Kim-Renaud (pp. 447-469). Seoul: Pagijong Press.
37 Silva, D. J. (2006a). Variation in voice onset time for Korean stops: A case for recent sound change. Korean Linguistics, 13, 1-16.   DOI
38 Silva, D. J. (2006b). Acoustic evidence for the emergence of tonal contrast in contemporary Korean. Phonology, 23, 287-308.   DOI
39 Sjolander, K. & Beskow, J. (2010). WaveSurfer. Version 1.8.8. Retrieved from http://www.speech.kth.se/wavesurfer/ on December 30, 2011.
40 Tang, K. E. (2008). The phonology and phonetics of consonant-tone interaction. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
41 Uchanski, R. M. (2008). Clear speech. In D. B. Pisoni & R. E. Remez (Eds.), Handbook of Speech Perception (pp. 207-235). Massachusetts: Blackwell.
42 Wright, J. D. (2007). Laryngeal contrast in Seoul Korean. Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Pennsylvania.