Browse > Article

Assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from ships operation at the Port of Incheon using AIS  

Khan, Sadaqat (인하대학교 물류전물대학원)
Chang, Young-Tade (인하대학교 물류전물대학원)
Lee, Suhyung (인하대학교 물류전물대학원)
Choi, Kyoung-Suk (중국산동사범대학교)
Publication Information
Journal of Korea Port Economic Association / v.34, no.1, 2018 , pp. 65-80 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper attempts to estimate GHG emissions, primarily $CO_2$ ship emissions, at the port of Incheon in October 2014. This study employed a bottom-up approach based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data to estimate the total amount of fuel consumption and the total amount of $CO_2$ emission produced as a result of fuel combustion. Using a sample of 330 ships operating at the port of Incheon in Korea, the total amount of $CO_2$ gases emitted from ships in October 2014 were estimated to be 164693.06 tons, with estimated total fuel consumption of 51953.64 tons. General cargo ships were most common type of ships, but they were less polluting compared to passenger ships. The detailed emission estimates by ship type revealed that passenger ships were the most polluting ships (81409.6 tons of emissions), followed by tugboats (37248.4 tons), cargo ships (32154.6 tons), ships used for other activities (9039.1 tons), chemical tankers (4027.06 tons), and fishing ships (814.048 tons), respectively.
Keywords
AIS; GHG; Ship $CO_2$ Emission; Incheon Port; Bottom-up Approach;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Chang, C. and Wang, C. (2012), Evaluating the effects of green port policy: Case study of Kaohsiung harbor in Taiwan, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 17, 185-189.   DOI
2 Chang, Y., Roh, Y. and Park, H. (2014), Assessing noxious gases of ship operations in a potential Emission Control Area, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 28, 91-97.   DOI
3 Chang, Y., Song, Y. and Roh, Y. (2013), Assessing greenhouse gas emissions from port ship operations at the Port of Incheon, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 25, 1-4.   DOI
4 Coello, J., Williams, I., Hudson, D. and Kemp, S. (2015), An AIS-based approach to calculate atmospheric emissions from the UK fishing fleet, Atmospheric Environment, 114, 1-7.   DOI
5 Contini, D., Gambaro, A., Belosi, F., De Pieri, S., Cairns, W. R. L., Donateo, A., Zanotto, E. and Citron, M. (2011), The direct influence of ship traffic on atmospheric PM2.5, PM10 and PAH in Venice, Journal of Environmental Management, 92(9), 2119-2129.   DOI
6 Cooper, D. (2003), Exhaust emissions from ships at berth, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 3817-3830.   DOI
7 Dalsoren, S., Eide, M., Endresen, O, Mjelde, A., Gravir, G. and Isaksen, I. (2009), Update on emissions and environmental impacts from the international fleet of ships: the contribution from major ship types and ports, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9(6), 2171-2194.   DOI
8 Deniz, C. and Kilic, A. (2009), Estimation and assessment of shipping emissions in the region of Ambarli Port, Turkey, Environmental progress & Sustainable Energy, 29(1), 107-115.   DOI
9 Eyring, V., Isaksen, I., Berntsen, T., Collins, W., Corbett, J., Endresen, O., Grainger. R. G., Moldanova, J. Schlager, H. and Stevenson, D. S. (2010), Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Shipping, Atmospheric Environment, 44(37), 4735-4771.   DOI
10 Fitzgerald, W., Howitt, O. and Smith, I. (2011), Greenhouse gas emissions from the international maritime transport of New Zealand's imports and exports, Energy Policy, 39(3), 1521-1531.   DOI
11 Greenhouse Gas Protocl, http://ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/ghgp/Global-Warming-Potential-Values.pdf (access at November 7, 2015).
12 Incheon Port Authority, Inner Port of Incheon, http://service.icpa.or.kr/images/eng/cyber/innerPort.jpg (access at June 2, 2015)
13 Isakson, J., Persson, T. and Lindgren, E. (2001), Identification and assessment of ship emissions and their effects in the harbour of Goteborg, Sweden, Atmospheric Environment, 35(21), 3659-3666.   DOI
14 Kesgin, U. and Vardar, N. (2001), A study on exhaust gas emissions from ships in Turkish Straits, Atmospheric Environment, 35(10), 1863-1870.   DOI
15 Business.un.org, https://business.un.org/en/entities/13 (access at November 16, 2015).
16 2012 greenhouse gas conversion factors for company reporting, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/2012-greenhouse-gas-conversion- factors-for-company-reporting (access at November 3, 2015).
17 AIS for Ships in the future, http://www.sjofartsverket.se/upload/1486/a171_2.pdf (access at November 29, 2015).
18 Berechman, J. and Tseng, P. (2012), Estimating the environmental costs of port related emissions: The case of Kaohsiung, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 17, 35-38.   DOI
19 Miola, A. and Ciuffo, B. (2011), Estimating air emissions from ships: Meta-analysis of modelling approaches and available data sources, Atmospheric Environment, 45(13), 2242-2251.   DOI
20 Matthias, V., Bewersdorff, I., Aulinger, A. and Quante, M. (2010), The contribution of ship emissions to air pollution in the North Sea regions, Environmental Pollution, 158(6), 2241-2250.   DOI
21 Port of Incheon, http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/KOR_Port_of_Incheon_1483.php (access at November 23, 2015).
22 Review of Marine Transport, http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/rmt2012_en.pdf (access at November 14, 2015).
23 Saracoglu, H., Deniz, C. and Kilic, A. (2013), An Investigation on the Effects of Ship Sourced Emissions in Izmir Port, Turkey, The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 1-8.
24 Saxe, H. and Larsen, T. (2004), Air pollution from ships in three Danish ports, Atmospheric Environment, 38(24), 4057-4067.   DOI
25 Schembari, C., Cavalli, F., Cuccia, E., Hjorth, J., Calzolai, G., Perez, N., Pey, J. Prati, P. and Raes, F. (2012), Impact of a European directive on ship emissions on air quality in Mediterranean harbours, Atmospheric Environment, 61, 661-669.   DOI
26 Seatrade Maritime News, http://www.seatrade-maritime.c om/news/asia/incheon-new-port-starts-operation-with-8000-teu-capacity.html (access at November 23, 2015).
27 Song, S. and Shon, Z. (2014), Current and future emission estimates of exhaust gases and particles from shipping at the largest port in Korea, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(10), 6612-6622.   DOI
28 Speed, time, and distance; learn how to calculate the missing variable, http://www.schoolofsailing.net/speed-time-and-distance.html (access at November 30, 2015).
29 Tzannatos, E. (2010), Ship emissions and their externalities for the port of Piraeus - Greece, Atmospheric Environment, 44(3), 400-407.   DOI
30 The Human Cost of Weather Related Disasters, http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/COP21_WeatherDisastersReport_2015_FINAL.pdf (access at November 29, 2015).
31 Tzannatos, E. (2010). Ship emissions and their externalities for Greece. Atmospheric Environment, 44, 2194-2202.   DOI
32 UN Report, http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52627#.VmVNg3YrLcd (access at November 23, 2015).
33 Villalba, G. and Gemechu, E. (2011), Estimating GHG emissions of marine ports-the case of Barcelona, Energy Policy, 39(3), 1363-1368.   DOI
34 Vutukuru, S. and Dabdub, D. (2008), Modeling the effects of ship emissions on coastal air quality: A case study of southern California, Atmospheric Environment, 42(16), 3751-3764.   DOI
35 Yau, P., Lee, S., Cheng, Y., Huang, Y., Lai, S. and Xu, X. (2013), Contribution of ship emissions to the fine particulate in the community near an international port in Hong Kong, Atmospheric Research, 124(28), 61-72.   DOI
36 Yau, P., Lee, S., Corbett, J., Wang, C., Cheng, Y. and Ho, K. (2012), Estimation of exhaust emission from ocean-going ships in Hong Kong, Science of The Total Environment, 431, 299-306.   DOI
37 Zhang, F., Chen, Y., Tian, C., Wang, X., Huang, G., Fang, Y. and Zong, Z. (2014), Identification and quantification of shipping emissions in Bohai Rim, China, Science of The Total Environment, 497-498, 570-577.   DOI
38 Zhao, M., Zhang, Y., Ma, W., Fu, Q., Yang, X., Li, C., Zhou, B., Yu, Q. and Chen, L. (2013), Characteristics and ship traffic source identification of air pollutants in China's largest port, Atmospheric Environment, 64, 277-286.   DOI