Current status of disposal and measurement analysis of radioactive components in linear accelerators in Korea |
Kwon, Na Hye
(Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Shin, Dong Oh (Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine) Kim, Jinsung (Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine) Yoo, Jaeryong (National Radiation Emergency Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences) Park, Min Seok (National Radiation Emergency Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences) Kim, Kum Bae (Research Team of Radiological Physics and Engineering, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences) Kim, Dong Wook (Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine) Choi, Sang Hyoun (Research Team of Radiological Physics and Engineering, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences) |
1 | INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Management of Radioactive Waste from the Use of Radionuclides in Medicine, IAEA-TECDOC-1183, IAEA, Vienna, 2000. |
2 | Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Current Status of Medical Radiation Devices, KINS, Korea, 2020. |
3 | W.V.O. Rodriguez, Comparison between 3D-CRT and modulated techniques for head-and-neck and breast, AIP Conf. Proc. (2018), 020008, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5050360, 2003. DOI |
4 | K. Kosako, K. Oishi, T. Nakamura, M. Takada, K. Sato, T. Kamiyama, Angular distribution of photoneutrons from copper and tungsten targets bombarded by 18, 28, and 38 MeV electrons, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 48 (2011) 227-236. DOI |
5 | B. Juste, R. Miro, G. Verdu, S. Diez, J.M. Campayo, Neutron activation processes simulation in an Elekta medical linear accelerator head, 2014 36th, Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE (2014) 3026-3028, https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944260. DOI |
6 | Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Conditional clearance levels for the disposal, recycling and reuse of activated medical accelerator components, last modified Sep. 11, http://nuclearsafety.gc.ca/eng/nuclear-substances/licensing-class-II-nuclear-facilities-and-prescribed-equipment/information-class-II-licensed-facilities/conditional-clearance-levels-activated-medical-accelerator-components.cfm, 2018. |
7 | T. Fujibuchi, S. Obara, I. Yamaguchi, M. Oyama, H. Watanabe, et al., Induced radioactive nuclides of 10-MeV radiotherapy accelerators detected by using a portable HP-Ge survey meter, Radiat. Protect. Dosim. 148 (2012) 168-173, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncr005. DOI |
8 | T. Fujibuchi, S. Obara, I. Yamaguchi, M. Oyama, H. Watanabe, T. Sakae, Induced radioactive nuclides of 10-MeV radiotherapy accelerators detected by using a portable HP-Ge survey meter, Radiat. Protect. Dosim. 148 (2012) 168-173. DOI |
9 | Joint Working Group with Organizations Such as Medical Related Society on Clearance and Radioactive Material, Society standard on radioactivation management of radiation therapy devices, Japan, 2014. |
10 | E. Waller, R. Ram, I. Steadman, Preliminary determination of activation products for a varian truebeam linear accelerator, Health Phys. 113 (2017) 227-233, https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000000693. DOI |
11 | S. Morato, B. Juste, R. Miro, G. Verdu, S. Diez, Experimental validation of neutron activation simulation of a varian medical linear accelerator, Proc. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. EMBS (2016) 5656-5659, https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2016.7592010. 2016-October. DOI |
12 | T. Hayakawa, S. Miyamoto, Y. Hayashi, K. Kawase, K. Horikawa, et al., Half-life of 184Re populated by photodisintegration reaction with Laser Compton scattering γ-rays at NewSUBARU, Int. Conf. Nucl. Data Sci. Technol. (2007) 73-76, https://doi.org/10.1051/ndata:07458. DOI |
13 | Elekta Medical Linear Accelerator Product Disposal Information, Technical Publication, ELEKTA Limited, Crawley, United Kingdom, 2019. |
14 | P. Weber, J.L. Vuilleumier, G. Guibert, C. Tamburella, Linac activation of radioisotopes and underground gammaspectrometric analyses, Phys. Med. (2018) 41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.10.111. DOI |
15 | N. Mlynczyk, A. Konefal, A. Orlef, W. Lniak, B. Gawelczyk, Innovatory production of radioisotopes 117mSn, 186Re and 188Re for laboratory tests and the future application in nuclear medicine, Acta Phys. Pol. B 51 (2020) 867-872. DOI |
16 | J. Kwak, S.H. Park, K.Y. Kim, E.K. Choi, J.H. Kim, S.-W. Lee, S.Y. Song, S.M. Yoon, S.D. Ahn, Identification of induced-radioactivity in medical LINAC using a NaI(Tl)-Crystal detector, Prog. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 1 (2011) 525-528, https://doi.org/10.15669/pnst.1.525. DOI |
17 | H.W. Fischer, B.E. Tabot, B. Poppe, Activation processes in a medical linear accelerator and spatial distribution of activation products, Phys. Med. Biol. 51 (2006), https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/51/24/N02. DOI |
18 | S. Vichi, D. Dean, S. Ricci, F. Zagni, P. Berardi, D. Mostacci, Activation study of a 15MeV LINAC via Monte Carlo simulations, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 172 (2020) 108758, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108758. DOI |
19 | K. Shida, T. Isobe, K. Takada, D. Kobayashi, K. Tadano, H. Takahashi, Evaluating photonuclear activation for clearance of decommissioned medical linear accelerators, Igaku Butsuri 31 (2011) 33-39. |
20 | L. Montgomery, M. Evans, L. Liang, R. Maglieri, J. Kildea, The effect of the flattening filter on photoneutron production at 10 MV in the Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator, Med. Phys. 45 (2018) 4711-4719. DOI |
21 | D.A. Jaffray, M.K. Gospodarowicz, Chapter 14. Radiation therapy for cancer, Cancer Dis. Control Priorities (2015) 239-247, https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0349-9_ch14. DOI |
22 | National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Cancer Treatment (2021) accessed Feb 3, https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment. |
23 | C.G. Lee, Palliative radiotherapy, Korean J Hosp Palliat Care 12 (2009) 1-4. DOI |
24 | Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology, Radiation therapy device Technology trend and Industry status, KEIT PD Issue report, 17, 2017, pp. 40-54. |
25 | E. Bakiu, E. Telhaj, E. Kozma, F. Ruci, P. Malkaj, Comparison of 3D CRT and IMRT treatment plans, Acta Inf. Med. 21 (2013) 211-212, https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2013.21.211-212. DOI |
26 | Current status and comparison of national health insurance systems for advanced radiation technologies in Korea and Japan, Radiat. Oncol. J 38 (2020) 170-175, https://doi.org/10.3857/roj.2020.00703. DOI |
27 | T. Kim Tuyet, T. Sanami, H. Yamazaki, T. Itoga, A. Takeuchi, Y. Namito, Energy and angular distribution of photo-neutrons for 16.6 MeV polarized photon on mediumeheavy targets, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip. (2021) 989. |
28 | R. Baskar, K.A. Lee, R. Yeo, K.W. Yeoh, Cancer and radiation therapy: current advances and future directions, Int. J. Med. Sci. 9 (2012) 193-199, https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.3635. DOI |
29 | Cancer Research UK, What is radiotherapy?, last modified Nov 6, https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/radiotherapy/about, 2020. |
30 | L. Arbea, L.I. Ramos, R. Martinez-Monge, M. Moreno, J. Aristu, Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) vs. 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC): dosimetric comparison and clinical implications, Radiat. Oncol. 5 (2010) 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-717X-5-17. DOI |
31 | D.Y. Lee, J.H. Kim, E.T. Park, Assessment of human exposure doses received by activation of medical linear accelerator components, J. Instrum. 12 (2017) P08022, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/08/P08022. DOI |
32 | H.W. Fischer, B.E. Tabot, B. Poppe, Comparison of activation products and induced dose rates in different high-energy medical linear accelerators, Health Phys. 94 (2008). |
33 | A. Naseri, A. Mesbahi, A review on photoneutrons characteristics in radiation therapy with high-energy photon beams, Rep. Practical Oncol. Radiother. 15 (2010) 138-144. DOI |
34 | K.J. Olsen, Neutron contamination from medical electron accelerators (NCRP report No. 79), Med. Phys (1986) 968-969, https://doi.org/10.1118/1.595800. DOI |
![]() |