Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2018.35.3.133

X-ray Data Analysis to Search for Magnetar Candidates in the Galactic Plane  

Park, Woochan (Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungbuk National University)
An, Hongjun (Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungbuk National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences / v.35, no.3, 2018 , pp. 133-141 More about this Journal
Abstract
We report on our Galactic plane searches for magnetars in the archival Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) data. We summarize the properties of known magnetars and use them to establish a procedure for magnetar searches. The procedure includes four steps: source finding, spectral characterization, optical counterpart checks, and period searches. We searched 1,282 archival CXO observations, found 32,838 X-ray sources, and selected 25 intriguing candidates using the developed procedure. Although we do not firmly identify a magnetar among them, we significantly reduced the number of targets in future magnetar searches to be done with better X-ray telescopes.
Keywords
magnetar; Chandra; X-ray telescopes;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Wang Y, Takata J, Cheng KS, Mechanism of the X-ray and soft gamma-ray emissions from the high magnetic field pulsar: PSR B1509-58, J. Astron. Space Sci. 30, 91-94 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2013.30.2.091   DOI
2 Woods PM, Kouveliotou C, Finger MH, Gogus E, Wilson CA, et al., The prelude to and aftermath of the giant flare of 2004 December 27: persistent and pulsed X-ray properties of SGR 1806-20 from 1993 to 2005, Astrophys. J. 654, 470-486 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1086/507459   DOI
3 Wu JHK, Hui CY, Huang RHH, Kong AKH, Cheng KS, et al., Pulsed ${\gamma}$-ray emission from magnetar 1E 2259+586, J. Astron. Space Sci. 30, 83-85 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2013.30.2.083   DOI
4 Zacharias N, Monet DG, Levine SE, Urban SE, Gaume R, et al., The Naval Observatory merged astrometric dataset (NOMAD), Bull. American Astron. Soc. 36, 1418 (2004).
5 Zhu W, Kaspi VM, Dib R, Woods PM, Gavriil FP, et al., The long-term radiative evolution of anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 2259+586 after its 2002 outburst, Astrophys. J. 686, 520-527 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1086/591219   DOI
6 Sato T, Bamba A, Nakamura R, Ishida M, Identification of CXOU J171405.7-381031 as a new magnetar with XMM-Newton, Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 62, L33-L36 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/62.5.L33   DOI
7 Skrutskie MF, Cutri RM, Stiening R, Weinberg MD, Schneider S, et al., The two micron all sky survey (2MASS), Astron. J. 131, 1163-1183 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1086/498708   DOI
8 Tam CR, Gavriil FP, Dib R, Kaspi VM, Woods PM, et al., X-ray and near-IR variability of the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 1048.1-5937: From quiescence back to activity, Astrophys. J. 677, 503-514 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1086/528368   DOI
9 Thompsom C, Duncan RC, The soft gamma repeaters as very strong magnetized neutron stars I. Radiative mechanism for outbursts, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 275, 255-300 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/275.2.255   DOI
10 Tiengo A, Esposito P, Mereghetti S, XMM-Newton observations of CXOU J010043.1-721134: The first deep look at the soft X-ray emission of a magnetar, Astrophys. J. Lett. 680, L133-L136 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1086/590078   DOI
11 Tiengo A, Esposito P, Mereghetti S, Israel GL, Stella L, et al., Quiet but still bright: XMM-Newton observations of the soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 0526-66, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 399, L74-L78 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00728.x   DOI
12 Verner DA, Ferland GJ, Korista KT, Yakovlev DG, Atomic data for astrophysics. II. New analytic fits for photoionization cross sections of atoms and ions, Astrophys. J. 465, 487-498 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1086/177435   DOI
13 Mazets EP, Golenetskii SV, Il'inskii VN, Aptekar' RL, Guryan YA, Observations of a flaring pulsar in Dorado, Nature 282, 587-589 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1038/282587a0   DOI
14 Mereghetti S, Esposito P, Tiengo A, Zane S, Turollar R, et al., The first XMM-Newton observations of the soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 1900+14, Astrophys. J. 653, 1423 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1086/508682   DOI
15 Mereghetti S, Pons JA, Melatos A, Magnetars: Properties, Origin and Evolution, Space Sci. Rev. 191, 315-338 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-015-0146-y   DOI
16 Muno MP, Clark JS, Crowther PA, Dougherty SM, de Grijs R, et al., A neutron star with a massive progenitor in westerlund 1, Astrophys. J. Lett. 636, L41-L44 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1086/499776   DOI
17 Olausen SA, Kaspi VM, The McGILL magnetar catalog, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 212, 6 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/212/1/6   DOI
18 Rea N, Nichelli, E, Israel GL, Perna R, Oosterbroek T, et al., Very deep X-ray observations of the anomalous X-ray pulsar 4U 0142+614, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 381, 293-300 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12257.x   DOI
19 Rea N, Esposito P, Turolla R, Israel GL, Zane S, et al., A lowmagnetic field soft gamma repeater, Science 330, 944-946 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1196088   DOI
20 Esposito P, Israel GL, Turolla R, Mattana F, Tiengo A, et al., Long-term spectral and timing properties of the soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 1833-0832 and detection of extended X-ray emission around the radio pulsar PSR B1830-08, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 416, 205-215 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19022.x
21 Rea N, Israel GL, Esposito P, Pons JA, Camero-Arranz A, et al., A new low magnetic field magnetar: The 2011 outburst of Swift J1822.3-1606, Astrophys. J. 754, 27 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/754/1/27   DOI
22 Rea N, Israel GL, Pons JA, Turolla JA, Vigano D, et al., The outburst decay of the low magnetic field magnetar SGR 0418+5729, Astrophys. J. 770, 65 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/770/1/65   DOI
23 Israel GL, Esposito P, Rea N, Coti Zelati F, Tiengo A, et al., The discovery, monitoring and environment of SGR J1935+2154, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 457, 3448-3456 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw008   DOI
24 Kaspi VM, Archibald RF, Bhalerao V, Dufour F, Gotthelf EV, et al., Timing and flux evolution of the Galactic center magnetar SGR J1745-2900, Astrophys. J. 786, 84 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/786/2/84   DOI
25 Kuiper L, Hermsen W, den Hartog PR, Collmar W, Discovery of luminous pulsed hard X-ray emission from anomalous X-ray pulsars 1RXS J1708-4009, 4U0142+61, and 1E 2259+586 by INTEGRAL and RXTE, Astrophys. J. 645, 556-575 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1086/504317   DOI
26 Evans IN, Primini FA, Glotfelty KJ, Anderson CS, Bonaventura NR, et al., The Chandra source catalog, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 189, 37-82 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/189/1/37   DOI
27 Fahlman GG, Gregory PC, An X-ray pulsar in SNR G109.1-1.0, Nature 293, 202-204 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1038/293202a0   DOI
28 Garmire GP, Bautz MW, Ford PG, Nousek JA, Ricker Jr GR, Advanced CCD imaging spectrometer (ACIS) instrument on the Chandra X-ray observatory, Proc. SPIE 4851, 28-44 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461599
29 Gavriil FP, Kaspi VM, Woods PM, Magnetar-like X-ray bursts from an anomalous X-ray pulsar, Nature 419, 142-144 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01011   DOI
30 Gotthelf EV, Halpern JP, Buxton M, Bailyn C, Imaging X-ray, optical, and infrared observations of the transient anomalous X-ray pulsar XTE J1810-197, Astrophys. J. 605, 368-377 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1086/382232   DOI
31 Halpern JP, Gotthelf EV, Two magnetar candidates in HESS supernova remnants, Astrophys. J. 710, 941-947 (2010a). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/941   DOI
32 Halpern JP, Gotthelf EV, An energetic magnetar in HESS J1713-381/CTB 37B, Astrophys. J. 725, 1384-1391 (2010b). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1384   DOI
33 Harding AK, Pulsar polar cap and slot gap models: Confronting Fermi data, J. Astron. Space Sci. 30, 145-152 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2013.30.3.145   DOI
34 Isreal GL, Campana S, Dall'Osso S, Muno MP, Cummings J, et al., The post-burst awakening of the anomalous X-ray pulsar in westerlund 1, Astrophys. J. 664, 448-457 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1086/518224   DOI
35 Buccheri R, Bennett K, Bignami GF, Bloemen JBGM, Boriakoff V, et al., Search for pulsed ${\gamma}$-ray emission from radio pulsars in the COS-B data, Astron. Astrophys. 128, 245-251 (1983).
36 Camero A, Papitto A, Rea N, Vigano D, Pons JA, et al., Quiescent state and outburst evolution of SGR 0501+4516, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 438, 3291-3298 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt2432   DOI
37 Camilo F, Scholz P, Serylak M, Buchner S, Merryfield M, et al., Revival of the Magnetar PSR J1622-4950: Observations with MeerKAT, Parkes, XMM-Newton, Swift, Chandra and NuSTAR, Astrophys. J. 856, 180 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aab35a   DOI
38 Campana S, Rea N, Israel GL, Turolla R, Zane S, Swift and Chandra confirm the intensity-hardness correlation of the AXP 1RXS J170849.0-400910, Astron. Astrophys. 463, 1047-1051 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20065482   DOI
39 Chen G, An H, Kaspi VM, Harrison FA, Madsen KK, et al., NuSTAR observations of the young, energetic radio pulsar PSR B1509-58, Astrophys. J. 817, 93 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/817/2/93   DOI
40 Dib R, Kaspi VM, Scholz P, Gavriil FP, RXTE observations of anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 1547.0-5408 during and after its 2008 and 2009 outbursts, Astrophys. J. 748, 3 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/748/1/3   DOI
41 Esposito P, Mereghetti S, Tiengo A, Zane S, Turolla R, et al., SGR 1806-20 about two years after the giant flare: Suzaku, XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL observations, Astron. Astrophys. 476, 321-330 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20078562   DOI
42 Esposito P, Tiengo A, Mereghetti S, Israel GL, De Luca A, et al., XMM-Newton discovery of 2.6s pulsations in the soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 1627-41, Astrophys. J. Lett. 690, L105-L109 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/690/2/L105   DOI
43 An H, Hascoet R, Kaspi VM, Beloborodov AM, Dufour F, et al., NuSTAR observations of mangetar 1E 1841-045, Astrophys. J. 779, 163 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/163   DOI
44 An H, Kaspi VM, Beloborodov AM, Kouveliotou C, Archibald RF, et al., NuSTAR observations of X-ray bursts from the magnetar 1E 1048.1-5937, Astrophys. J. 790, 60 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/790/1/60   DOI
45 An H, Archibald RF, Hascoet R, Kaspi VM, Beloborodov AM, et al., Deep NuSTAR and SWIFT monitoring observations of the magnetar 1E 1841-045, Astrophys. J. 807, 93 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/93   DOI
46 Anders E, Grevesse N, Abundances of the elements: Meteoritic and solar, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 197-214 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90286-X   DOI
47 Beloborodov AM, On the mechanism of hard X-ray emission from Magnetars, Astrophys. J. 762, 13 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/13   DOI
48 Beloborodov AM, Li X, Magnetar heating, Astrophys. J. 833, 261 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/261   DOI
49 Bernardini F, Israel GL, Stella L, Turolla R, Esposito P, et al., Multi-instrument X-ray monitoring of the January 2009 outburst from the recurrent magnetar candidate 1E 1547.0-5408, Astron. Astrophys. 529, A19 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201016197   DOI
50 Bonazzola S, Gourgoulhon E, Gravitational waves from pulsars: Emission by the magnetic field induced distortion, Astron. Astrophys. 312, 675-690 (1996).