Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5808/GI.2020.18.4.e35

The nature of triple-negative breast cancer classification and antitumoral strategies  

Kim, Songmi (Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University)
Kim, Dong Hee (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Dankook University Hospital)
Lee, Wooseok (Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University)
Lee, Yong-Moon (Department of Pathology, Dankook University School of Medicine)
Choi, Song-Yi (Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine)
Han, Kyudong (Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University)
Publication Information
Genomics & Informatics / v.18, no.4, 2020 , pp. 35.1-35.7 More about this Journal
Abstract
Identifying the patterns of gene expression in breast cancers is essential to understanding their pathophysiology and developing anticancer drugs. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different subtypes determined by distinct biological features. Luminal breast cancer is characterized by a relatively high expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) genes, which are expressed in breast luminal cells. In ~25% of invasive breast cancers, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed; these cancers are categorized as the HER2 type. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in which the cancer cells do not express ER/PR or HER2, shows highly aggressive clinical outcomes. TNBC can be further classified into specific subtypes according to genomic mutations and cancer immunogenicity. Herein, we discuss the brief history of TNBC classification and its implications for promising treatments.
Keywords
classification; gene expression; immune checkpoint blockade; microbiome; subtype; triple-negative breast cancer;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Liu YR, Jiang YZ, Xu XE, Yu KD, Jin X, Hu X, et al. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis identifies novel molecular subtypes and subtype-specific RNAs of triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2016;18:33.   DOI
2 Karn T, Jiang T, Hatzis C, Sanger N, El-Balat A, Rody A, et al. Association between genomic metrics and immune infiltration in triple-negative breast cancer. JAMA Oncol 2017;3:1707-1711.   DOI
3 Michel LL, von Au A, Mavratzas A, Smetanay K, Schutz F, Schneeweiss A. Immune checkpoint blockade in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Target Oncol 2020;15:415-428.   DOI
4 Banerjee S, Tian T, Wei Z, Shih N, Feldman MD, Peck KN, et al. Distinct microbial signatures associated with different breast cancer types. Front Microbiol 2018;9:951.   DOI
5 Fuhrman BJ, Feigelson HS, Flores R, Gail MH, Xu X, Ravel J, et al. Associations of the fecal microbiome with urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;99:4632-4640.   DOI
6 Hieken TJ, Chen J, Hoskin TL, Walther-Antonio M, Johnson S, Ramaker S, et al. The microbiome of aseptically collected human breast tissue in benign and malignant disease. Sci Rep 2016;6:30751.   DOI
7 Jung K, Choi I. Emerging co-signaling networks in T cell immune regulation. Immune Netw 2013;13:184-193.   DOI
8 Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Rees CA, et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 2000;406:747-752.   DOI
9 Luu TH, Michel C, Bard JM, Dravet F, Nazih H, Bobin-Dubigeon C. Intestinal proportion of Blautia sp. is associated with clinical stage and histoprognostic grade in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Nutr Cancer 2017;69:267-275.   DOI
10 Gluz O, Liedtke C, Gottschalk N, Pusztai L, Nitz U, Harbeck N. Triple-negative breast cancer: current status and future directions. Ann Oncol 2009;20:1913-1927.   DOI
11 Yersal O, Barutca S. Biological subtypes of breast cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implications. World J Clin Oncol 2014;5:412-424.   DOI
12 Kitagawa S, Hakozaki T, Kitadai R, Hosomi Y. Switching administration of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies as immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in individuals with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: case series and literature review. Thorac Cancer 2020;11:1927-1933.   DOI
13 Fife BT, Bluestone JA. Control of peripheral T-cell tolerance and autoimmunity via the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways. Immunol Rev 2008;224:166-182.   DOI
14 Pentcheva-Hoang T, Corse E, Allison JP. Negative regulators of T-cell activation: potential targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer, autoimmune disease, and persistent infections. Immunol Rev 2009;229:67-87.   DOI
15 Sharpe AH, Wherry EJ, Ahmed R, Freeman GJ. The function of programmed cell death 1 and its ligands in regulating autoimmunity and infection. Nat Immunol 2007;8:239-245.   DOI
16 Sorlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, Aas T, Geisler S, Johnsen H, et al. Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:10869-10874.   DOI
17 Burstein MD, Tsimelzon A, Poage GM, Covington KR, Contreras A, Fuqua SA, et al. Comprehensive genomic analysis identifies novel subtypes and targets of triple-negative breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015;21:1688-1698.   DOI
18 Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, Dutriaux C, Maio M, Mortier L, et al. Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med 2015;372:320-330.   DOI
19 Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:394-424.   DOI
20 Hwang KT, Kim J, Jung J, Chang JH, Chai YJ, Oh SW, et al. Impact of breast cancer subtypes on prognosis of women with operable invasive breast cancer: a population-based study using SEER database. Clin Cancer Res 2019;25:1970-1979.
21 Zhang X, Kim S, Hundal J, Herndon JM, Li S, Petti AA, et al. Breast cancer neoantigens can induce CD8(+) T-cell responses and antitumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5:516-523.   DOI
22 Lehmann BD, Bauer JA, Chen X, Sanders ME, Chakravarthy AB, Shyr Y, et al. Identification of human triple-negative breast cancer subtypes and preclinical models for selection of targeted therapies. J Clin Invest 2011;121:2750-2767.   DOI
23 Eisen MB, Spellman PT, Brown PO, Botstein D. Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998;95:14863-14868.   DOI
24 Sorlie T, Tibshirani R, Parker J, Hastie T, Marron JS, Nobel A, et al. Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100:8418-8423.   DOI
25 Urbaniak C, Gloor GB, Brackstone M, Scott L, Tangney M, Reid G. The microbiota of breast tissue and its association with breast cancer. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016;82:5039-5048.   DOI
26 Goedert JJ, Hua X, Bielecka A, Okayasu I, Milne GL, Jones GS, et al. Postmenopausal breast cancer and oestrogen associations with the IgA-coated and IgA-noncoated faecal microbiota. Br J Cancer 2018;118:471-479.   DOI
27 Matson V, Fessler J, Bao R, Chongsuwat T, Zha Y, Alegre ML, et al. The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients. Science 2018;359:104-108.   DOI
28 Vetizou M, Pitt JM, Daillere R, Lepage P, Waldschmitt N, Flament C, et al. Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota. Science 2015;350:1079-1084.   DOI
29 Gopalakrishnan V, Spencer CN, Nezi L, Reuben A, Andrews MC, Karpinets TV, et al. Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients. Science 2018;359:97-103.   DOI
30 Mager LF, Burkhard R, Pett N, Cooke NC, Brown K, Ramay H, et al. Microbiome-derived inosine modulates response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Science 2020;369:1481-1489.   DOI
31 Routy B, Le Chatelier E, Derosa L, Duong CP, Alou MT, Daillere R, et al. Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science 2018;359:91-97.   DOI
32 Sivan A, Corrales L, Hubert N, Williams JB, Aquino-Michaels K, Earley ZM, et al. Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy. Science 2015;350:1084-1089.   DOI
33 Polk A, Svane IM, Andersson M, Nielsen D. Checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer: current status. Cancer Treat Rev 2018;s63:122-134.
34 Hasko G, Kuhel DG, Nemeth ZH, Mabley JG, Stachlewitz RF, Virag L, et al. Inosine inhibits inflammatory cytokine production by a posttranscriptional mechanism and protects against endotoxin-induced shock. J Immunol 2000;164:1013-1019.   DOI
35 He B, Hoang TK, Wang T, Ferris M, Taylor CM, Tian X, et al. Resetting microbiota by Lactobacillus reuteri inhibits T reg deficiency-induced autoimmunity via adenosine A2A receptors. J Exp Med 2017;214:107-123.   DOI
36 Csoka B, Himer L, Selmeczy Z, Vizi ES, Pacher P, Ledent C, et al. Adenosine A2A receptor activation inhibits T helper 1 and T helper 2 cell development and effector function. FASEB J 2008;22:3491-3499.   DOI